Englisch
Französisch
Kroatisch
Deutsch
Italienisch
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | X | Z | ||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Copper | Cuivre | Bakar | Rame | Kupfer | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Cu Cuprum |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- Copper has been known since ancient times. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word cuprum meaning the island of Cyprus famed for its copper mines. It is malleable, ductile, reddish-brown metal. Resistant to air and water. Exposed surfaces form greenish carbonate film.
|
|
|
|
UEBERGANGSELEMENTE: KUPFERGRUPPE | |
|
||
| Relative Atommasse: | 63.546(3) | Elektronenkonfiguration: | [Ar] 3d10 4s1 |
| Oxidationszustände: | +1 +2 | Elekronegativität: | 1.9 |
| Wärmeleitfähigkeit: | 401 W m-1 K-1 | Elektrische Widerstandskraft (20 °C): | 1.673 μΩcm |
| Atomradius: | 127.8 pm | Zustand (20 °C): | fest |
| Dichte (g dm-3): | 8960 (293 K) 7940 (m.p.) |
Atomvolumen (cm3 mol-1): | 7.09 (293 K) 8.00 (m.p.) |
|
|
|
|
THERMISCHE EIGENSCHAFTEN | |
|
||
| Schmelzpunkt: | 1084.62 °C | Bildungsenergie: | 13 kJ mol-1 |
| Siedepunkt: | 2562 °C | Verdampfungsenergie: | 306.7 kJ mol-1 |
| Kritische Temperatur: | 5148 °C | Zerstäubungsenergie: | 337.15 kJ mol-1 |
|
|
|
|
IONISIERUNGSENERGIE UND HÄUFIGKEIT | |
|
||
| 1. Ionisierungenergie: | 745.49 kJ mol-1 | Häufigkeit des Elements (Luft): | - ppm |
| 2. Ionisierungenergie: | 1957.93 kJ mol-1 | Häufigkeit des Elements (Erdkruste): | 75 ppm |
| 3. Ionisierungenergie: | 3554.64 kJ mol-1 | Häufigkeit des Elements (Ozean): | 0.003 ppm |
|
|
|
|
ISOTOPE | |
|
||
|
Isotope | Relative Atommasse | Häufigkeit (%) |
|
|
||
|
63Cu | 62.929601(2) | 69.17(3) |
|
65Cu | 64.927794(2) | 30.83(3) |
|
|
|
|
MINERALIEN UND GEBRAUCH | |
|
||
- Pure copper occurs rarely in nature. Usually found in sulfides as in chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), coveline (CuS), chalcosine (Cu2S) or oxides like cuprite (Cu2O). Most often used as an electrical conductor. Also used in the manufacture of water pipes. Its alloys are used in jewellery and for coins. The price of 99.9 % pure copper shot is 26.10 € for 500 g.
|
|
|
|
REDUKTIONSPOTENTIALE | |
|
||
|
Balanced half-reaction | Eo / V | Anmerkung |
|
|
||
|
Cu2+ + 2e-  Cu(s) |
+0.337 | |
|
Cu2+ + e- Cu+ |
+0.153 | |
|
Cu+ + e- Cu(s) |
+0.521 | |
|
HCuO2- + 3H+ + e- Cu+ + 2H2O |
+1.73 | |
|
CuO22- + 4H+ + e- Cu+ + 2H2O |
+2.51 | |
|
HCuO2- + 3H+ + 2e- Cu(s) + 2H2O |
+1.13 | |
|
CuO22- + 4H+ + 2e- Cu(s) + 2H2O |
+1.52 | |
|
2Cu2+ + H2O + 2e- Cu2O(s) + 2H+ |
+0.20 | |
|
2HCuO2- + 4H+ + 2e- Cu2O(s) + 3H2O |
+1.78 | |
|
2CuO22- + 6H+ + 2e- Cu2O(s) + 3H2O |
+2.56 | |
|
CuO + 2H+ + e- Cu+ + H2O |
+0.62 | |
|
Cu2+ + Br- + e- CuBr(s) |
+0.64 | |
|
Cu2+ + Cl- + e- CuCl(s) |
+0.54 | |
|
Cu2+ + I- + e- CuI(s) |
+0.86 | |
|
CuI(s) + e- Cu(s) + I- |
- 0.185 | |
|
Cu(NH3)42+ + e- Cu(NH3)2+ + 2NH3 |
- 0.01 | |
|
Cu(NH3)2+ + e- Cu(s) + 2NH3 |
- 0.12 | |
|
Cu(NH3)42+ + 2e- Cu(s) + 4NH3 |
- 0.07 | |
