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| Palladium | Palladium | Paladij | Palladio | Palladium | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Pd Paladium |
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- Palladium was discovered by William Hyde Wollaston (England) in 1803. Named after the asteroid Pallas which was discovered at about the same time and from the Greek name Pallas, goddess of wisdom. It is soft, malleable, ductile, silvery-white metal. Resists corrosion; dissolves in oxidizing acids. Absorbs hydrogen. Metal dust is combustible.
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UEBERGANGSELEMENTE: NICKELGRUPPE | |
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| Relative Atommasse: | 106.42(1) | Elektronenkonfiguration: | [Kr] 4d10 |
| Oxidationszustände: | +2 +3 | Elekronegativität: | 2.2 |
| Wärmeleitfähigkeit: | 71.8 W m-1 K-1 | Elektrische Widerstandskraft (20 °C): | 10.8 μΩcm |
| Atomradius: | 137.6 pm | Zustand (20 °C): | fest |
| Dichte (g dm-3): | 12020 (293 K) 10379 (m.p.) |
Atomvolumen (cm3 mol-1): | 8.85 (293 K) 10.25 (m.p.) |
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THERMISCHE EIGENSCHAFTEN | |
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| Schmelzpunkt: | 1554.9 °C | Bildungsenergie: | 17.2 kJ mol-1 |
| Siedepunkt: | 2963 °C | Verdampfungsenergie: | 361.5 kJ mol-1 |
| Kritische Temperatur: | 6827 °C | Zerstäubungsenergie: | 377.4 kJ mol-1 |
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IONISIERUNGSENERGIE UND HÄUFIGKEIT | |
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| 1. Ionisierungenergie: | 804.39 kJ mol-1 | Häufigkeit des Elements (Luft): | - ppm |
| 2. Ionisierungenergie: | 1874.72 kJ mol-1 | Häufigkeit des Elements (Erdkruste): | 0.001 ppm |
| 3. Ionisierungenergie: | 3177.28 kJ mol-1 | Häufigkeit des Elements (Ozean): | - ppm |
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ISOTOPE | |
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Isotope | Relative Atommasse | Häufigkeit (%) |
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102Pd | 101.905608(3) | 1.02(1) |
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104Pd | 103.904035(5) | 11.14(8) |
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105Pd | 104.905084(5) | 22.33(8) |
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106Pd | 105.903483(5) | 27.33(3) |
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108Pd | 107.903894(4) | 26.46(9) |
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110Pd | 109.90515(1) | 11.72(9) |
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MINERALIEN UND GEBRAUCH | |
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- Palladium is obtained with platinum, nickel, copper and mercury ores. Used as a substitute for silver in dental items and jewellery. The pure metal is used as the delicate mainsprings in analog wristwatches. Also used in surgical instruments and as catalyst. The price of 99.8 % pure palladium granules is 622.00 € for 25 g.
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REDUKTIONSPOTENTIALE | |
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Balanced half-reaction | Eo / V | Anmerkung |
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Pd2+ + 2e-  Pd(s) |
+0.987 | |
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PdO3(s) + 2H+ + 2e- PdO2(s) + H2O |
+1.22 | 18 °C |
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PdO2(s) + 2H+ + 2e- PdO(s) + H2O |
+0.95 | 18 °C |
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PdO2 (s)+ H2O + 2e- PdO(s) + 2OH- |
+0.73 | |
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PdO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e- Pd2+ + 2H2O |
+1.194 | |
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PdCl62- + 2e- PdCl42- + 2Cl- |
+1.288 | 1 mol dm-3 HCl |
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PdCl62- + 4e- Pd(s) + 6Cl- |
+0.96 | |
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PdBr62- + 2e- PdBr42- + 2Br- |
+0.994 | 1 mol dm-3 KBr |
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Pd(OH)4(s) + 2e- Pd(OH)2(s) + 2OH- |
+0.73 | |
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Pd(OH)2(s) + 2e- Pd(s) + 2OH- |
+0.07 | |
