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| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | X | Z | ||
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| Zirconium | Zirconium | Cirkonij | Zirconio | Zirkonium | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Zr Zirconium |
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- Zirconium was discovered by Martin Heinrich Klaproth (Germany) in 1789. The origin of the name comes from the Arabic word zargun meaning gold colour. It is grey-white, lustrous, corrosion-resistant metal. Exposed surfaces form oxide protective film.
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UEBERGANGSELEMENTE: TITANGRUPPE | |
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| Relative Atommasse: | 91.224(2) | Elektronenkonfiguration: | [Kr] 4d2 5s2 |
| Oxidationszustände: | +4 | Elekronegativität: | 1.33 |
| Wärmeleitfähigkeit: | 22.7 W m-1 K-1 | Elektrische Widerstandskraft (20 °C): | 42.1 μΩcm |
| Atomradius: | 159 pm | Zustand (20 °C): | fest |
| Dichte (g dm-3): | 6506 (293 K) 5800 (m.p.) |
Atomvolumen (cm3 mol-1): | 14.02 (293 K) 15.73 (m.p.) |
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THERMISCHE EIGENSCHAFTEN | |
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| Schmelzpunkt: | 1855 °C | Bildungsenergie: | 23 kJ mol-1 |
| Siedepunkt: | 4409 °C | Verdampfungsenergie: | 566.7 kJ mol-1 |
| Kritische Temperatur: | 8377 °C | Zerstäubungsenergie: | 607.47 kJ mol-1 |
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IONISIERUNGSENERGIE UND HÄUFIGKEIT | |
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| 1. Ionisierungenergie: | 640.08 kJ mol-1 | Häufigkeit des Elements (Luft): | - ppm |
| 2. Ionisierungenergie: | 1266.86 kJ mol-1 | Häufigkeit des Elements (Erdkruste): | 100 ppm |
| 3. Ionisierungenergie: | 2218.21 kJ mol-1 | Häufigkeit des Elements (Ozean): | 0.000026 ppm |
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ISOTOPE | |
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Isotope | Relative Atommasse | Häufigkeit (%) |
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90Zr | 89.904704(2) | 51.45(3) |
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91Zr | 90.905645(2) | 11.22(4) |
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92Zr | 91.905040(2) | 17.15(2) |
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94Zr | 93.906316(3) | 17.38(4) |
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96Zr | 95.908276(3) | 2.80(2) |
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MINERALIEN UND GEBRAUCH | |
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- Zirconium is found in many minerals such as zircon and baddeleyite. Used in alloys such as zircaloy which is used in nuclear applications since it does not readily absorb neutrons. Also baddeleyite is used in lab crucibles. Used in high-performance pumps and valves. Clear zircon (ZrSiO4) is a popular gemstone. The price of 99.5 % pure zirconium slug is 81.50 € for 100 g.
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REDUKTIONSPOTENTIALE | |
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Balanced half-reaction | Eo / V | Anmerkung |
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Zr4+ + 4e-  Zr(s) |
- 1.539 | |
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H2ZrO3(s) + H2O + 4e- Zr(s) + 4OH- |
- 2.36 | |
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HZrO3- + 5H+ + 4e- Zr(s) + 3H2O |
- 1.276 | |
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ZrO2+ + 2H+ + 4e- Zr(s) + H2O |
- 1.570 | |
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ZrO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e- Zr(s) + 2H2O |
- 1.456 | |
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ZrO2×H2O(s) + 4H+ + 4e- Zr(s) + 3H2O |
- 1.533 | |
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ZrO2×2H2O + 4H+ + 4e- Zr(s) + 4H2O |
- 1.553 | |
