Glossary of chemical terms

temperature
	Temperature is measure to the average kinetic energy of its molecules. The SI unit in which thermodynamic temperature is expressed is the kelvin (K).
tesla
	Tesla (T) is the SI derived unit of magnetic flux density. The tesla is magnetic flux density of a magnetic flux of one weber per square metre (T = Wb/m2). The unit is named after the Croatian scientist Nikola Tesla (1857-1943), equal to V s/m2.
theoretical yield
	Theoretical yield is the maximum quantity of a product that could be formed in a chemical reaction if all the limiting reactant reacted to form products (distinguished from actual yield).
thermal conductivity
	Thermal conductivity (Λ) is rate of heat flow divided by area and by temperature gradient.
thermodynamic laws
	Thermodynamic laws are the foundation of the science of thermodynamics: First law: The internal energy of an isolated system is constant; if energy is supplied to the system in the form of heat dq and work dw, then the change in energy dU = dq + dw. Second law: No process is possible in which the only result is the transfer of heat from a reservoir and its complete conversion to work. Third law: The entropy of a perfect crystal approaches zero as the thermodynamic temperature approaches zero.
thermodynamics
	Thermodynamics is the scientific study of the interconversion of heat and other forms of energy.
thermosphere
	Thermosphere is the layer of the earth's atmosphere extending from the top of the mesosphere (80 km - 90 km above the surface) to about 500 km. It is characterized by a rapid increase in temperature with increasing altitude up to about 200 km, followed by a leveling off in the 300 km - 500 km region.
three way safety bulb
	The three way safety bulb is used for pipeting. The attachment is placed over the mouth of the pipet. The air (A) valve is used to empty the bulb of air. The suction (S) valve is used to draw liquid into the pipet. The empty (E) valve is used to drain liquid out of a pipet.
titration curve
	Titration curve is a graphical representation of the amount of a species present (often hydrogen ion) vs. volume of solution added during a titration.
tonne
	Tonne (t) is an alternative name for megagram (1000 kg).
transition metals
	This group of metals is distinguished from other metals not by their physical properties, but by their electronic structure. Transition metals are elements characterized by a partially filled d subshell. The First Transition Series comprises scandium (Sc), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu). The Second and Third Transition Series include the lanthanides and actinides, respectively. The transition metals are noted for their variability in oxidation state. Thus, manganese has two electrons in its outside shell and five electrons in the next shell down, and exhibits oxidation states of +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, and +7. They are also characterized by the fact that well into the series, going from left to right, the properties of succeeding metals do not differ greatly from preceding ones.
transmittance
	Transmittance (τ) is ratio of the radiant or luminous flux at a given wavelength that is transmitted to that of the incident radiation. Also called transmission factor.
triple point
	Triple point is the point in p,T space where the solid, liquid, and gas phases of a substance are in thermodynamic equilibrium.
troposphere
	Troposphere is the lowest part of the earth's atmosphere, extending to 110 km to 15 km above the surface. It is characterized by a decrease in temperature with increasing altitude. The exact height varies with latitude and season.

 

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