Periodic Table of the Elements
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Bottom FACULTY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY o PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS Bottom
  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V X Z  
Periodic Table of the Elements Tableau périodique des éléments Periodni sustav elemenata Tavola periodica degli elementi Das Periodensystem der Elemente
Aluminium Aluminium Aluminij Alluminio Aluminium

 
Atomic number: 13
Group numbers: 13
Period: 3
 
Discovery date: 1827
Al

Aluminium
NEIGHBOURS

 
 5
B
 6
C

 
 13
Al
 14
Si
30
Zn
 31
Ga
 32
Ge


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Aluminium was discovered by Friedrich Wöhler (Germany) in 1827. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word alumen meaning alum. It is soft, lightweight, silvery-white metal. Exposed surfaces quickly form protective oxide coating. Metal reacts violently with oxidants. Third most abundant element in the earth's crust.
Bottom BORON GROUP Top

Relative atomic mass: 26.981538(2) Electronic configuration: [Ne] 3s2 3p1
Formal oxidation number: +3 Electronegativities: 1.61
Thermal conductivity: 237 W m-1 K-1 Electrical resistivity (20 °C): 2.65 μΩcm
Atomic radius: 143.2 pm Standard state (20 °C): solid
Density (g dm-3): 2698 (293 K)
2390 (m.p.)		 Molar volume (cm3 mol-1): 10.00 (293 K)
11.29 (m.p.)


Bottom THERMAL PROPERTIES Top

Melting point: 660.32 °C Heat of fusion: 10.67 kJ mol-1
Boiling point: 2519 °C Heat of vaporization: 290.8 kJ mol-1
Critical temperature: 8277 °C Heat of atomization: 324.01 kJ mol-1


Bottom IONIZATION ENERGIES AND ABUNDANCE Top

1st ionization energy: 577.54 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (air): - ppm
2nd ionization energy: 1816.69 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (Earth's crust): 84100 ppm
3rd ionization energy: 2744.80 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (oceans): 0.01 ppm


Bottom ISOTOPES Top

Isotopes Relative atomic mass Abundance (%)
27Al26.9815384(1)100


Bottom MINERALS AND USES Top

Aluminium is the most abundant metal to be found in the earth's crust, but is never found free in nature. Aluminium is obtained by electrolysis from bauxite ... Used for many purposes from airplanes to beverage cans. Too soft in its pure form so less than 1% of silicon or iron is added, which hardens and strengthens it. The price of 99.9 % pure aluminium granules is 45.70 € for 1000 g.

Bottom REDUCTION POTENTIALS Top

Balanced half-reaction   Eo / V      Annotation
Al3+ + 3e- = Al(s) - 1.662  
Al3+ + 2e- = Al+ - 2.76  
Al+ + e- = Al(s) - 0.55  
AlO2- + 4H+ + 3e- = Al(s) + 2H2O - 1.262  
Al(OH)3(s) + 3e- = Al(s) + 3OH- - 2.31  
AlF63- + 3e- = Al(s) + 6F- - 2.07  

 

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Last modified: 01.04.2003
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