Periodic Table of the Elements
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Bottom FACULTY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY o PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS Bottom
  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V X Z  
Periodic Table of the Elements Tableau périodique des éléments Periodni sustav elemenata Tavola periodica degli elementi Das Periodensystem der Elemente
Barium Baryum Barij Bario Barium

 
Atomic number: 56
Group numbers: 2
Period: 6
 
Discovery date: 1808
Ba

Baryum
NEIGHBOURS
37
Rb
 38
Sr
 39
Y
55
Cs
 56
Ba
 57
La
87
Fr
 88
Ra
 89
Ac


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Barium was discovered by Sir Humphry Davy (England) in 1808. The origin of the name comes from the Greek word barys meaning heavy. It is soft, slightly malleable, silvery-white metal. Attacked by air and water. Soluble compounds toxic by ingestion.
Bottom ALKALINE EARTH METAL Top

Relative atomic mass: 137.327(7) Electronic configuration: [Xe] 6s2
Formal oxidation number: +2 Electronegativities: 0.89
Thermal conductivity: 18.4 W m-1 K-1 Electrical resistivity (20 °C): 50 μΩcm
Atomic radius: 217.4 pm Standard state (20 °C): solid
Density (g dm-3): 3594 (293 K)
3325 (m.p.)		 Molar volume (cm3 mol-1): 38.21 (293 K)
41.30 (m.p.)


Bottom THERMAL PROPERTIES Top

Melting point: 727 °C Heat of fusion: 7.66 kJ mol-1
Boiling point: 1897 °C Heat of vaporization: 150.9 kJ mol-1
Critical temperature: 2997 °C Heat of atomization: 180.7 kJ mol-1


Bottom IONIZATION ENERGIES AND ABUNDANCE Top

1st ionization energy: 502.86 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (air): - ppm
2nd ionization energy: 965.24 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (Earth's crust): 250 ppm
3rd ionization energy: - kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (oceans): 0.03 ppm


Bottom ISOTOPES Top

Isotopes Relative atomic mass Abundance (%)
130Ba129.906310(7)0.106(2)
132Ba131.905056(3)0.101(2)
134Ba133.904503(3)2.417(27)
135Ba134.905683(3)6.592(18)
136Ba135.904570(3)7.854(36)
137Ba136.905821(3)11.23(4)
138Ba137.905241(3)71.70(7)


Bottom MINERALS AND USES Top

Barium is found in barytine (BaSO4) and witherite (BaCO3), never found in pure form due to its reactivity. Must be stored under kerosene to remain pure. Barite, or barium sulfate (BaSO4), when ground is used as a filter for rubber, plastics and resins. It is insoluble in water and so is used in X-rays of the digestive system. Barium nitrate, Ba(NO3)2, burns brilliant green and is used in fireworks. The price of 99.2 % pure barium pieces is 1347.20 € for 1000 g.

Bottom REDUCTION POTENTIALS Top

Balanced half-reaction   Eo / V      Annotation
Ba2+ + 2e- = Ba(s) - 2.906  
BaO + 2H+ + 2e- = Ba(s) + H2O - 2.166  

 

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