Periodic Table of the Elements
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Bottom FACULTY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY o PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS Bottom
  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V X Z  
Periodic Table of the Elements Tableau périodique des éléments Periodni sustav elemenata Tavola periodica degli elementi Das Periodensystem der Elemente
Beryllium Béryllium Berilij Berillio Beryllium

 
Atomic number: 4
Group numbers: 2
Period: 2
 
Discovery date: 1828
Be

Beryllium
NEIGHBOURS
1
H
 
 
3
Li
 4
Be
 5
B
11
Na
 12
Mg
 13
Al


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Beryllium was discovered by Friedrich Wöhler (Germany) and independently by A. B. Bussy (France) in 1828. The origin of the name comes from the Greek word beryllos meaning mineral beryl; also called glucinium from the Greek word glykys meaning sweet. It is steel-grey metal. It resists attack by concentrated nitric acid, has excellent thermal conductivity and is nonmagnetic. At ordinary temperatures, it resists oxidation in air. Beryllium and its salts are toxic and should be handled with the greatest of care.
Bottom ALKALINE EARTH METAL Top

Relative atomic mass: 9.012182(3) Electronic configuration: [He] 2s2
Formal oxidation number: +2 Electronegativities: 1.57
Thermal conductivity: 200 W m-1 K-1 Electrical resistivity (20 °C): 4 μΩcm
Atomic radius: 111.3 pm Standard state (20 °C): solid
Density (g dm-3): 1847.7 (293 K) Molar volume (cm3 mol-1): 4.88 (293 K)


Bottom THERMAL PROPERTIES Top

Melting point: 1287 °C Heat of fusion: 9.8 kJ mol-1
Boiling point: 2471 °C Heat of vaporization: 308.8 kJ mol-1
Critical temperature: 3317 °C Heat of atomization: 320.3 kJ mol-1


Bottom IONIZATION ENERGIES AND ABUNDANCE Top

1st ionization energy: 899.51 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (air): - ppm
2nd ionization energy: 1757.12 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (Earth's crust): 1.5 ppm
3rd ionization energy: 14848.87 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (oceans): 0.00005 ppm


Bottom ISOTOPES Top

Isotopes Relative atomic mass Abundance (%)
9Be9.0121821(4)100


Bottom MINERALS AND USES Top

Beryllium is found mostly in minerals like beryl [AlBe3(Si6O18)] and chrysoberyl (Al2BeO4). Pure beryllium is obtained by chemically reducing beryl mineral. Also by electrolysis of beryllium chloride. Its ability to absorb large amounts of heat makes it useful in spacecraft, missiles, aircraft, etc. Emeralds are beryl crystals with chromium traces giving them their green colour. The price of 99.5 % pure beryllium lump is 200.70 € for 50 g.

Bottom REDUCTION POTENTIALS Top

Balanced half-reaction   Eo / V      Annotation
Be2+ + 2e- = Be(s) - 1.85  
Be2O32- + 3H2O + 4e- = 2Be(s) + 6OH- - 2.62  

 

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