Periodic Table of the Elements
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Bottom FACULTY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY o PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS Bottom
  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V X Z  
Periodic Table of the Elements Tableau périodique des éléments Periodni sustav elemenata Tavola periodica degli elementi Das Periodensystem der Elemente
Bromine Brome Brom Bromo Brom

 
Atomic number: 35
Group numbers: 17
Period: 4
 
Discovery date: 1826
Br

Bromum
NEIGHBOURS
16
S
 17
Cl
 18
Ar
34
Se
 35
Br
 36
Kr
52
Te
 53
I
 54
Xe


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Bromine was discovered by Antoine J. Balard (France) in 1826. The origin of the name comes from the Greek word bromos meaning stench. It is reddish-brown liquid with suffocating, irritating fumes. Gives off poisonous vapour. Causes severe burns. Oxidizer.
Bottom HALOGENS ELEMENT Top

Relative atomic mass: 79.904(1) Electronic configuration: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5
Formal oxidation number: -1 +1 +5 Electronegativities: 2.96
Thermal conductivity: 0.0047 W m-1 K-1 Electrical resistivity (20 °C): - μΩcm
Atomic radius: 114.5 pm Standard state (20 °C): liquid
Density (g dm-3): 4050 (123 K)
3122.6 (293 K)
7.59 (gas, 273 K)		 Molar volume (cm3 mol-1): 19.73 (123 K)
25.59 (293 K)
21055.07 (gas, 273 K)


Bottom THERMAL PROPERTIES Top

Melting point: -7.2 °C Heat of fusion: 10.8 kJ mol-1
Boiling point: 58.78 °C Heat of vaporization: 30.5 kJ mol-1
Critical temperature: 311 °C Heat of atomization: 117.943 kJ mol-1


Bottom IONIZATION ENERGIES AND ABUNDANCE Top

1st ionization energy: 1139.87 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (air): - ppm
2nd ionization energy: 2103.40 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (Earth's crust): 2.5 ppm
3rd ionization energy: 3473.50 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (oceans): 65 ppm


Bottom ISOTOPES Top

Isotopes Relative atomic mass Abundance (%)
79Br78.918338(2)50.69(7)
81Br80.916291(3)49.31(7)


Bottom MINERALS AND USES Top

Bromine occurs in compounds in sea water. It was once used in large quantities to make a compound that removed lead compound build up in engines burning leaded gasoline. Now it is primarily used in dyes, disinfectants and photographic chemicals. The price of 99.8 % pure bromine liquid is 79.10 € for 1000 g.

Bottom REDUCTION POTENTIALS Top

Balanced half-reaction   Eo / V      Annotation
Br2(l) + 2e- = 2Br- +1.065  
Br2(aq) + 2e- = 2Br- +1.087  
Br3- + 2e- = 3Br- +1.05  
HBrO3 + 5H+ + 6e- = Br- + 3H2O +1.42  
3HBrO3 + 15H+ + 16e- = Br3- + 9H2O +1.462  
2BrO3- + 12H+ + 10e- = Br2(l) + 6H2O +1.52  
BrO3- + 6H+ + 6e- = Br- + 3H2O +1.44  
BrO3- + 3H2O + 6e- = Br- + 6OH- +0.61  
2HBrO2 + 10H+ + 10e- = Br2(l) + 6H2O +1.48  
HBrO3 + 4H+ + 4e- = HBrO + 2H2O +1.46  
HBrO3 + 3H+ + 4e- = BrO- + 2H2O +1.33  
2HBrO + 2H+ + 2e- = Br2(l) + 2H2O +1.59  
2BrO- + 4H+ + 2e- = Br2(l) + 2H2O +2.09  
2BrO- + 2H2O + 2e- = Br2(l) + 4OH- +0.45  
BrO- + H2O + 2e- = Br- + 2OH- +0.76  

 

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