Periodic Table of the Elements
KTF-SPLIT    EniG. 

Glossary
Appendix
PDF Table
Awards
Links
Software
My Software

 
  EDITORS:
  English English

  Aditya Vardhan
  Eni Generalic
  Français French

  Michel Ditria
  Hrvatski Croatian

  Eni Generalic
  Marija Bralic
  Slobodan Brinic
  Deutch German

  Marc Hens
  Italiano Italian

  editors wanted
Bottom FACULTY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY o PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS Bottom
  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V X Z  
Periodic Table of the Elements Tableau périodique des éléments Periodni sustav elemenata Tavola periodica degli elementi Das Periodensystem der Elemente
Chlorine Chlore Klor Cloro Chlor

 
Atomic number: 17
Group numbers: 17
Period: 3
 
Discovery date: 1774
Cl

Chlorum
NEIGHBOURS
8
O
 9
F
 10
Ne
16
S
 17
Cl
 18
Ar
34
Se
 35
Br
 36
Kr


New address! - http://www.periodni.com/en/ - Please update your Bookmarks

Chlorine was discovered by Carl William Scheele (Sweden) in 1774. The origin of the name comes from the Greek word chloros meaning pale green. It is greenish-yellow, disagreeable gas with irritating odour. Gas is toxic and severe irritant by contact or inhalation. Never found in free form in nature.
Bottom HALOGENS ELEMENT Top

Relative atomic mass: 35.453(2) Electronic configuration: [Ne] 3s2 3p5
Formal oxidation number: -1 +1 +5 +7 Electronegativities: 3.16
Thermal conductivity: 0.0089 W m-1 K-1 Electrical resistivity (20 °C): - μΩcm
Atomic radius: 99.4 pm Standard state (20 °C): gas
Density (g dm-3): 2030 (113 K)
1507 (239 K)
3.214 (273 K)		 Molar volume (cm3 mol-1): 17.46 (113 K)
23.53 (239 K)
22061.61 (273 K)


Bottom THERMAL PROPERTIES Top

Melting point: -101.5 °C Heat of fusion: 6.41 kJ mol-1
Boiling point: -34.04 °C Heat of vaporization: 20.4033 kJ mol-1
Critical temperature: 144 °C Heat of atomization: 120 kJ mol-1


Bottom IONIZATION ENERGIES AND ABUNDANCE Top

1st ionization energy: 1251.20 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (air): - ppm
2nd ionization energy: 2297.72 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (Earth's crust): 130 ppm
3rd ionization energy: 3821.81 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (oceans): 19000 ppm


Bottom ISOTOPES Top

Isotopes Relative atomic mass Abundance (%)
35Cl34.96885271(4)75.77(7)
37Cl36.96590260(5)24.23(7)


Bottom MINERALS AND USES Top

Commercial quantities of chlorine are produced by electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride (NaCl) from seawater or brine from salt mines. Used in water purification, bleaches, acids and many, many other compounds such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFC).

Bottom REDUCTION POTENTIALS Top

Balanced half-reaction   Eo / V      Annotation
Cl2(g) + 2e- = 2Cl- +1.359  
Cl2(aq) + 2e- = 2Cl- +1.39  
ClO4- + 2H+ + 2e- = ClO3- + H2O +1.19  
ClO4- + H2O + 2e- = ClO3- + 2OH- +0.36  
2ClO4- + 16H+ + 14e- = Cl2(g) + 8H2O +1.39  
ClO3- + 3H+ + 2e- = HClO2 + H2O +1.21  
ClO3- + H2O + 2e- = ClO2- + 2OH- +0.33  
2ClO3- + 12H+ + 10e- = Cl2(g) + 3H2O +1.47  
HClO2 + 2H+ + 2e- = HClO + H2O +1.64  
ClO2- + H2O + 2e- = ClO- + 2OH- +0.66  
2HClO + 2H+ + 2e- = Cl2(g) + H2O +1.63  
2ClO- + 2H2O + 2e- = Cl2(g) + 4OH- +0.40  

 

Sources of literature are given on the bibliographic page.
If you have comments, corrections or suggestions about this site, please send me a e-mail.

Top FACULTY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY IN SPLIT Eni Generalic PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS version 1.7 Top
Glossary of chemical terms Periodic Table of the Elements Calculating the molecular weight
Last modified: 01.04.2003
Copyright © 1998-2003 by Eni Generalic