Periodic Table of the Elements
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Bottom FACULTY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY o PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS Bottom
  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V X Z  
Periodic Table of the Elements Tableau périodique des éléments Periodni sustav elemenata Tavola periodica degli elementi Das Periodensystem der Elemente
Copper Cuivre Bakar Rame Kupfer

 
Atomic number: 29
Group numbers: 11
Period: 4
 
Discovery date: ~ 5000 BC
Cu

Cuprum
NEIGHBOURS

 
 
 
28
Ni
 29
Cu
 30
Zn
46
Pd
 47
Ag
 48
Cd


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Copper has been known since ancient times. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word cuprum meaning the island of Cyprus famed for its copper mines. It is malleable, ductile, reddish-brown metal. Resistant to air and water. Exposed surfaces form greenish carbonate film.
Bottom TRANSITION ELEMENT: COPPER GROUP Top

Relative atomic mass: 63.546(3) Electronic configuration: [Ar] 3d10 4s1
Formal oxidation number: +1 +2 Electronegativities: 1.9
Thermal conductivity: 401 W m-1 K-1 Electrical resistivity (20 °C): 1.673 μΩcm
Atomic radius: 127.8 pm Standard state (20 °C): solid
Density (g dm-3): 8960 (293 K)
7940 (m.p.)		 Molar volume (cm3 mol-1): 7.09 (293 K)
8.00 (m.p.)


Bottom THERMAL PROPERTIES Top

Melting point: 1084.62 °C Heat of fusion: 13 kJ mol-1
Boiling point: 2562 °C Heat of vaporization: 306.7 kJ mol-1
Critical temperature: 5148 °C Heat of atomization: 337.15 kJ mol-1


Bottom IONIZATION ENERGIES AND ABUNDANCE Top

1st ionization energy: 745.49 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (air): - ppm
2nd ionization energy: 1957.93 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (Earth's crust): 75 ppm
3rd ionization energy: 3554.64 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (oceans): 0.003 ppm


Bottom ISOTOPES Top

Isotopes Relative atomic mass Abundance (%)
63Cu62.929601(2)69.17(3)
65Cu64.927794(2)30.83(3)


Bottom MINERALS AND USES Top

Pure copper occurs rarely in nature. Usually found in sulfides as in chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), coveline (CuS), chalcosine (Cu2S) or oxides like cuprite (Cu2O). Most often used as an electrical conductor. Also used in the manufacture of water pipes. Its alloys are used in jewellery and for coins. The price of 99.9 % pure copper shot is 26.10 € for 500 g.

Bottom REDUCTION POTENTIALS Top

Balanced half-reaction   Eo / V      Annotation
Cu2+ + 2e- = Cu(s) +0.337  
Cu2+ + e- = Cu+ +0.153  
Cu+ + e- = Cu(s) +0.521  
HCuO2- + 3H+ + e- = Cu+ + 2H2O +1.73  
CuO22- + 4H+ + e- = Cu+ + 2H2O +2.51  
HCuO2- + 3H+ + 2e- = Cu(s) + 2H2O +1.13  
CuO22- + 4H+ + 2e- = Cu(s) + 2H2O +1.52  
2Cu2+ + H2O + 2e- = Cu2O(s) + 2H+ +0.20  
2HCuO2- + 4H+ + 2e- = Cu2O(s) + 3H2O +1.78  
2CuO22- + 6H+ + 2e- = Cu2O(s) + 3H2O +2.56  
CuO + 2H+ + e- = Cu+ + H2O +0.62  
Cu2+ + Br- + e- = CuBr(s) +0.64  
Cu2+ + Cl- + e- = CuCl(s) +0.54  
Cu2+ + I- + e- = CuI(s) +0.86  
CuI(s) + e- = Cu(s) + I- - 0.185  
Cu(NH3)42+ + e- = Cu(NH3)2+ + 2NH3 - 0.01  
Cu(NH3)2+ + e- = Cu(s) + 2NH3 - 0.12  
Cu(NH3)42+ + 2e- = Cu(s) + 4NH3 - 0.07  

 

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