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| Erbium | Erbium | Erbij | Erbio | Erbium | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Er Erbium |
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- Erbium was discovered by Carl Gustaf Mosander (Sweden) in 1843. Named after Ytterby, a village in Sweden. It is soft, malleable, silvery metal. Reacts slowly with water. Dissolves in acids. Metal ignites and burns readily.
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TRANSITION ELEMENT: LANTHANIDE | |
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| Relative atomic mass: | 167.259(3) | Electronic configuration: | [Xe] 4f12 6s2 |
| Formal oxidation number: | +3 | Electronegativities: | 1.24 |
| Thermal conductivity: | 14.3 W m-1 K-1 | Electrical resistivity (20 °C): | 107 μΩcm |
| Atomic radius: | 173.4 pm | Standard state (20 °C): | solid |
| Density (g dm-3): | 9066 (298 K) | Molar volume (cm3 mol-1): | 18.45 (298 K) |
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THERMAL PROPERTIES | |
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| Melting point: | 1529 °C | Heat of fusion: | 17.2 kJ mol-1 |
| Boiling point: | 2868 °C | Heat of vaporization: | 280 kJ mol-1 |
| Critical temperature: | 6977 °C | Heat of atomization: | 318.32 kJ mol-1 |
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IONIZATION ENERGIES AND ABUNDANCE | |
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| 1st ionization energy: | 589.31 kJ mol-1 | Abundance of element (air): | - ppm |
| 2nd ionization energy: | 1151.08 kJ mol-1 | Abundance of element (Earth's crust): | 2.2 ppm |
| 3rd ionization energy: | 2194.09 kJ mol-1 | Abundance of element (oceans): | 0.0000002 ppm |
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ISOTOPES | |
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Isotopes | Relative atomic mass | Abundance (%) |
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162Er | 161.928775(4) | 0.14(1) |
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164Er | 163.929197(4) | 1.61(2) |
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166Er | 165.930290(3) | 33.6(2) |
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167Er | 166.932045(3) | 22.95(15) |
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168Er | 167.932368(3) | 26.8(2) |
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170Er | 169.935460(3) | 14.9(2) |
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MINERALS AND USES | |
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- Erbium is found with other heavier rare earths in xenotime and euxenite. Erbium oxide is used in ceramics to obtain a pink glaze. Also a few uses in the nuclear industry and as an alloying agent for other exotic metals. The price of 99.9 % pure erbium pieces is 232.60 € for 50 g.
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REDUCTION POTENTIALS | |
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Balanced half-reaction | Eo / V | Annotation |
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