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| Europium | Europium | Europij | Europio | Europium | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Eu Europium |
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- Europium was discovered by Eugene Demarcay (France) in 1896. Named for the continent of Europe. It is soft, silvery-white metal. Extremely reactive with oxygen and water.
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TRANSITION ELEMENT: LANTHANIDE | |
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| Relative atomic mass: | 151.964(1) | Electronic configuration: | [Xe] 4f7 6s2 |
| Formal oxidation number: | +2 +3 | Electronegativities: | - |
| Thermal conductivity: | 13.9 W m-1 K-1 | Electrical resistivity (20 °C): | 90 μΩcm |
| Atomic radius: | 199.5 pm | Standard state (20 °C): | solid |
| Density (g dm-3): | 5243 (293 K) | Molar volume (cm3 mol-1): | 28.98 (293 K) |
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THERMAL PROPERTIES | |
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| Melting point: | 822 °C | Heat of fusion: | 10.5 kJ mol-1 |
| Boiling point: | 1529 °C | Heat of vaporization: | 176 kJ mol-1 |
| Critical temperature: | 4327 °C | Heat of atomization: | 177.11 kJ mol-1 |
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IONIZATION ENERGIES AND ABUNDANCE | |
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| 1st ionization energy: | 547.11 kJ mol-1 | Abundance of element (air): | - ppm |
| 2nd ionization energy: | 1084.60 kJ mol-1 | Abundance of element (Earth's crust): | 1.1 ppm |
| 3rd ionization energy: | 2404.43 kJ mol-1 | Abundance of element (oceans): | 0.00000004 ppm |
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ISOTOPES | |
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Isotopes | Relative atomic mass | Abundance (%) |
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151Eu | 150.919846(3) | 47.8(15) |
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153Eu | 152.921226(3) | 52.2(15) |
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MINERALS AND USES | |
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- Europium is obtained from monazite sand, which is a mixture of phosphates of calcium, thorium, cerium and most other rare earths. Used with yttrium oxide to make red phosphors for colour televisions. The price of 99.9 % pure europium ingot is 254.30 € for 5 g.
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REDUCTION POTENTIALS | |
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Balanced half-reaction | Eo / V | Annotation |
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