Periodic Table of the Elements
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Bottom FACULTY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY o PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS Bottom
  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V X Z  
Periodic Table of the Elements Tableau périodique des éléments Periodni sustav elemenata Tavola periodica degli elementi Das Periodensystem der Elemente
Mercury Mercure Živa Mercurio Quecksilber

 
Atomic number: 80
Group numbers: 12
Period: 6
 
Discovery date: ~ 1500 BC
Hg

Hydrargyrum
NEIGHBOURS
47
Ag
 48
Cd
 49
In
79
Au
 80
Hg
 81
Tl

 
 
 


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Mercury has been known since ancient times. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word hydrargyrum meaning liquid silver. It is heavy, silver-white metal, liquid at ordinary temperatures. Stable in air and water. Unreactive with alkalis and most acids. Gives off poisonous vapour. Chronic cumulative effects.
Bottom TRANSITION ELEMENT: ZINC GROUP Top

Relative atomic mass: 200.59(2) Electronic configuration: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
Formal oxidation number: +1 +2 Electronegativities: 1.9
Thermal conductivity: 8.34 W m-1 K-1 Electrical resistivity (20 °C): 95.8 μΩcm
Atomic radius: 150.3 pm Standard state (20 °C): liquid
Density (g dm-3): 13546 (293 K) Molar volume (cm3 mol-1): 14.81 (293 K)


Bottom THERMAL PROPERTIES Top

Melting point: -38.83 °C Heat of fusion: 2.331 kJ mol-1
Boiling point: 356.73 °C Heat of vaporization: 59.11 kJ mol-1
Critical temperature: 1462 °C Heat of atomization: 64.463 kJ mol-1


Bottom IONIZATION ENERGIES AND ABUNDANCE Top

1st ionization energy: 1007.07 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (air): - ppm
2nd ionization energy: 1809.69 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (Earth's crust): 0.08 ppm
3rd ionization energy: 3299.82 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (oceans): 0.00003 ppm


Bottom ISOTOPES Top

Isotopes Relative atomic mass Abundance (%)
196Hg195.965815(4)0.15(1)
198Hg197.966752(3)9.97(8)
199Hg198.968262(3)16.87(10)
200Hg199.968309(3)23.10(16)
201Hg200.970285(3)13.18(8)
202Hg201.970626(3)29.86(20)
204Hg203.973476(3)6.87(4)


Bottom MINERALS AND USES Top

Mercury only rarely occurs free in nature. The chief ore is cinnabar or mercury sulfide (HgS). Used in thermometers, barometers and batteries. Also used in electrical switches and mercury-vapour lighting products. The price of 99.998 % pure redistilled mercury metal is 54.90 € for 450 g.

Bottom REDUCTION POTENTIALS Top

Balanced half-reaction   Eo / V      Annotation
Hg2+ + 2e- = Hg(l) +0.854  
2Hg2+ + 2e- = Hg22+ +0.920  
2Hg2+ + 2e- = Hg22+ +0.907  1 mol dm-3 HClO4
Hg22+ + 2e- = 2Hg(l) +0.788  
Hg22+ + 2e- = 2Hg(l) +0.274  1 mol dm-3 HCl
Hg22+ + 2e- = 2Hg(l) +0.776  1 mol dm-3 HClO4
Hg22+ + 2e- = 2Hg(l) +0.674  1 mol dm-3 H2SO4
HgO(s) + H2O + 2e- = Hg(l) + 2OH- +0.10  
HgO(s) + 2H+ + 2e- = Hg(l) + H2O +0.93  
2Hg(OH)2(s) + 4H+ + 2e- = Hg22+ + 4H2O +1.28  
Hg2Cl2(s) + 2e- = 2Hg(l) + 2Cl- +0.268  
Hg2Cl2(s) + 2e- = 2Hg(l) + 2Cl- +0.244  saturated KCl
Hg2Cl2(s) + 2e- = 2Hg(l) + 2Cl- +0.282  1 mol dm-3 KCl
Hg2Cl2(s) + 2e- = 2Hg(l) + 2Cl- +0.334  0.1 mol dm-3 KCl
Hg2Br2(s) + 2e- = 2Hg(l) + 2Br- +0.14  
Hg2I2(s) + 2e- = 2Hg(l) + 2I- - 0.04  
Hg2C2O4(s) + 2e- = 2Hg(l) + C2O42- +0.42  
Hg2SO4(s) + 2e- = 2Hg(l) + SO42- +0.615  
HgS(s) (black) + 2e- = Hg(l) + S2- - 0.67  
HgS(s) (red) + 2e- = Hg + S2- - 0.70  
Hg(CN)42- + 2e- = Hg(l) + 4CN- - 0.37  

 

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