Periodic Table of the Elements
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Bottom FACULTY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY o PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS Bottom
  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V X Z  
Periodic Table of the Elements Tableau périodique des éléments Periodni sustav elemenata Tavola periodica degli elementi Das Periodensystem der Elemente
Indium Indium Indij Indio Indium

 
Atomic number: 49
Group numbers: 13
Period: 5
 
Discovery date: 1863
In

Indium
NEIGHBOURS
30
Zn
 31
Ga
 32
Ge
48
Cd
 49
In
 50
Sn
80
Hg
 81
Tl
 82
Pb


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Indium was discovered by Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymus Theodor Richter (Germany) in 1863. Named after the indicum (colour indigo), the colour it shows in a spectroscope. It is rare, very soft, silver-white metal. Stable in air and water. Dissolves in acids. Metal can ignite and burn.
Bottom BORON GROUP Top

Relative atomic mass: 114.818(3) Electronic configuration: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
Formal oxidation number: +3 Electronegativities: 1.78
Thermal conductivity: 81.6 W m-1 K-1 Electrical resistivity (20 °C): 8.37 μΩcm
Atomic radius: 162.6 pm Standard state (20 °C): solid
Density (g dm-3): 7310 (298 K)
7032 (m.p.)		 Molar volume (cm3 mol-1): 15.71 (298 K)
16.33 (m.p.)


Bottom THERMAL PROPERTIES Top

Melting point: 156.6 °C Heat of fusion: 3.27 kJ mol-1
Boiling point: 2072 °C Heat of vaporization: 231.8 kJ mol-1
Critical temperature: 6457 °C Heat of atomization: 243.72 kJ mol-1


Bottom IONIZATION ENERGIES AND ABUNDANCE Top

1st ionization energy: 558.30 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (air): - ppm
2nd ionization energy: 1820.67 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (Earth's crust): 0.05 ppm
3rd ionization energy: 2704.50 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (oceans): 0.02 ppm


Bottom ISOTOPES Top

Isotopes Relative atomic mass Abundance (%)
113In112.904061(4)4.3(2)
115In114.903878(5)95.7(2)


Bottom MINERALS AND USES Top

Indium is found in certain zinc ores. Used to coat high speed bearings and as an alloy that lowers the melting point of other metals. Relatively small amounts are used in dental items and in electronic semiconductors. The price of 99.9 % pure indium shot is 400.30 € for 250 g.

Bottom REDUCTION POTENTIALS Top

Balanced half-reaction   Eo / V      Annotation
In3+ + 2e- = In+ - 0.404  
In3+ + 3e- = In(s) - 0.345  
In(OH)3 + 3e- = In(s) + 3OH- - 1.0  

 

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