Periodic Table of the Elements
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Bottom FACULTY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY o PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS Bottom
  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V X Z  
Periodic Table of the Elements Tableau périodique des éléments Periodni sustav elemenata Tavola periodica degli elementi Das Periodensystem der Elemente
Magnesium Magnésium Magnezij Magnesio Magnesium

 
Atomic number: 12
Group numbers: 2
Period: 3
 
Discovery date: 1808
Mg

Magnesium
NEIGHBOURS
3
Li
 4
Be
 
11
Na
 12
Mg
 
19
K
 20
Ca
 21
Sc


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Magnesium was discovered by Sir Humphry Davy (England) in 1808. The origin of the name comes from the Greek word Magnesia, a district of Thessaly. It is lightweight, malleable, silvery-white metal. Burns in air with a brilliant white flame and reacts with water as temperature elevates. Can ignite in air. React violently with oxidants.
Bottom ALKALINE EARTH METAL Top

Relative atomic mass: 24.3050(6) Electronic configuration: [Ne] 3s2
Formal oxidation number: +2 Electronegativities: 1.31
Thermal conductivity: 156 W m-1 K-1 Electrical resistivity (20 °C): 4.45 μΩcm
Atomic radius: 159.9 pm Standard state (20 °C): solid
Density (g dm-3): 1738 (293 K)
1585 (m.p.)		 Molar volume (cm3 mol-1): 13.98 (293 K)
15.33 (m.p.)


Bottom THERMAL PROPERTIES Top

Melting point: 650 °C Heat of fusion: 9.04 kJ mol-1
Boiling point: 1090 °C Heat of vaporization: 127.6 kJ mol-1
Critical temperature: 2262 °C Heat of atomization: 146.499 kJ mol-1


Bottom IONIZATION ENERGIES AND ABUNDANCE Top

1st ionization energy: 737.76 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (air): - ppm
2nd ionization energy: 1450.69 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (Earth's crust): 32000 ppm
3rd ionization energy: 7732.75 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (oceans): 1300 ppm


Bottom ISOTOPES Top

Isotopes Relative atomic mass Abundance (%)
24Mg23.9850419(2)78.99(3)
25Mg24.9858370(2)10.00(1)
26Mg25.9825930(2)11.01(2)


Bottom MINERALS AND USES Top

Magnesium is found in large deposits in the form of magnesite, dolomite and other minerals. It is usually obtained by electrolysis of melted magnesium chloride (MgCl2) derived from brines, wells and sea water. Used in alloys to make airplanes, missiles and other uses for light metals. Has structural properties similar to aluminium. The price of 99.8 % pure magnesium granules is 111.60 € for 1000 g.

Bottom REDUCTION POTENTIALS Top

Balanced half-reaction   Eo / V      Annotation
Mg2+ + 2e- = Mg(s) - 2.363  
Mg(OH)2(s) + 2e- = Mg(s) + 2OH- - 2.69  
MgO(s) + 2H+ + 2e- = Mg(s) + H2O - 1.722  

 

Sources of literature are given on the bibliographic page.
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