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| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | V | X | Z | ||
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| Nitrogen | Azote | Dušik | Azoto | Stickstoff | ||||||||||||||||||||
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N Nitrogenium |
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- Nitrogen was discovered by Daniel Rutherford (Scotland) in 1772. The origin of the name comes from the Greek words nitron genes meaning nitre and forming and the Latin word nitrum (nitre is a common name for potassium nitrate, KNO3). It is colourless, odourless, generally inert gas. Minimally reactive at room temperature. A component of many organic and inorganic compounds. Makes up about 78% of earth's atmosphere.
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NITROGEN GROUP | |
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| Relative atomic mass: | 14.0067(2) | Electronic configuration: | [He] 2s2 2p3 |
| Formal oxidation number: | -3 -2 -1 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 | Electronegativities: | 3.04 |
| Thermal conductivity: | 0.0258 W m-1 K-1 | Electrical resistivity (20 °C): | - μΩcm |
| Atomic radius: | 54.9 pm | Standard state (20 °C): | gas |
| Density (g dm-3): | 1026 (21 K) 880 (m.p.) 1.2506 (gas, 273 K) |
Molar volume (cm3 mol-1): | 13.65 (21 K) 15.92 (m.p.) 22399.97 (gas, 273 K) |
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THERMAL PROPERTIES | |
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| Melting point: | -210.00 °C | Heat of fusion: | 0.72 kJ mol-1 |
| Boiling point: | -195.8 °C | Heat of vaporization: | 5.577 kJ mol-1 |
| Critical temperature: | -146.96 °C | Heat of atomization: | 470.842 kJ mol-1 |
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IONIZATION ENERGIES AND ABUNDANCE | |
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| 1st ionization energy: | 1402.34 kJ mol-1 | Abundance of element (air): | 780900 ppm |
| 2nd ionization energy: | 2856.11 kJ mol-1 | Abundance of element (Earth's crust): | 20 ppm |
| 3rd ionization energy: | 4578.19 kJ mol-1 | Abundance of element (oceans): | 0.8 ppm |
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ISOTOPES | |
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Isotopes | Relative atomic mass | Abundance (%) |
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14N | 14.003074005(1) | 99.634(9) |
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15N | 15.000108898(1) | 0.366(9) |
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MINERALS AND USES | |
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- Nitrogen is obtained from liquid air by fractional distillation. Primarily to produce ammonia and other fertilizers. Also used in making nitric acid, which is used in explosives. Also used in welding and enhanced oil recovery. The price of 99.999 % pure nitrogen gas costs 177.10 €/dm3 in small quantities (1 dm3) and about 2.05 €/dm3 in large quantities (300 dm3).
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REDUCTION POTENTIALS | |
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Balanced half-reaction | Eo / V | Annotation |
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N2(g) + 6H+ + 6e-  2NH3(g) |
+0.057 | |
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N2(g) + 2H2O + 6H+ + 6e- 2NH×H2O |
+0.092 | |
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N2(g) + 8H+ + 6e- 2NH4+ |
+0.275 | |
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N2(g) + 5H+ + 4e- N2H5+ |
- 0.23 | |
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NO3- + 2H+ + e- NO2(g) + H2O |
+0.775 | |
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2NO3- + 4H+ + 2e- N2O4(g) + 2H2O |
+0.80 | |
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NO3- + 3H+ + 2e- HNO2 + H2O |
+0.94 | |
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NO3- + 3H+ + 2e- HNO2 + H2O |
+0.92 | 1 mol dm-3 HNO3 |
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NO3- + 2H+ + 2e- NO2- + H2O |
+0.835 | |
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NO3- + 4H+ + 3e- NO(g) + H2O |
+0.96 | |
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NO2(g) + e- NO2- |
+0.893 | |
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NO2(g) + H+ + e- HNO2 |
+1.093 | |
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NO2(g) + 2H+ + 2e- NO(g) + H2O |
+1.049 | |
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2NO2(g) + 6H+ + 6e- N2O(g) + 3H2O |
+1.229 | |
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2NO2(g) + 8H+ + 8e- N2(g) + 4H2O |
+1.363 | |
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NO2- + 2H+ + e- NO(g) + H2O |
+1.202 | |
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HNO2 + H+ + e- NO(g) + H2O |
+1.00 | |
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2NO2- + 6H+ + 4e- N2O(g) + 3H2O |
+1.396 | |
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2HNO2 + 4H+ + 4e- N2O(g) + 3H2O |
+1.297 | |
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2NO2- + 8H+ + 6e- N2(g) + 4H2O |
+1.520 | |
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2HNO2 + 6H+ + 6e- N2(g) + 4H2O |
+1.454 | |
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NO2- + 7H+ + 6e- NH3(g) + 2H2O |
+0.789 | |
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NO2- + 7H+ + 6e- NH×H2O + H2O |
+0.806 | |
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HNO2 + 7H+ + 6e- NH4+ + 2H2O |
+0.864 | |
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2NO(g) + 2H+ + 2e- N2O(g) + H2O |
+1.591 | |
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2NO(g) + 4H+ + 4e- N2(g) + 2H2O |
+1.678 | |
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NO(g) + 5H+ + 5e- NH×H2O |
+0.727 | |
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NO(g) + 6H+ + 5e- NH4+ + H2O |
+0.836 | |
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N2O(g) + 2H+ + 2e- N2(g) + H2O |
+1.766 | |
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N2O(g) + H2O + 8H+ + 8e- 2NH×H2O |
+0.510 | |
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N2O(g) + 10H+ + 8e- 2NH4+ + H2O |
+0.647 | |
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N3- + 7H2O + 6e- N2H4 + NH3(g) + 7OH- |
- 0.62 | |
