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| Sodium | Sodium | Natrij | Sodio | Natrium | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Na Natrium |
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- Sodium was discovered by Sir Humphry Davy (England) in 1807. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word natrium meaning sodium carbonate. It is soft silvery-white metal. Fresh surfaces oxidize rapidly. Reacts vigorously, even violently with water. Reacts with water to give off flammable gas. Burns in air with a brilliant white flame.
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ALKALI METAL | |
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| Relative atomic mass: | 22.989770(2) | Electronic configuration: | [Ne] 3s1 |
| Formal oxidation number: | +1 | Electronegativities: | 0.93 |
| Thermal conductivity: | 141 W m-1 K-1 | Electrical resistivity (20 °C): | 4.2 μΩcm |
| Atomic radius: | 185.8 pm | Standard state (20 °C): | solid |
| Density (g dm-3): | 971 (293 K) 928 (m.p.) |
Molar volume (cm3 mol-1): | 23.68 (293 K) 24.77 (m.p.) |
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THERMAL PROPERTIES | |
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| Melting point: | 97.72 °C | Heat of fusion: | 2.64 kJ mol-1 |
| Boiling point: | 883 °C | Heat of vaporization: | 99.2 kJ mol-1 |
| Critical temperature: | 2300 °C | Heat of atomization: | 107.566 kJ mol-1 |
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IONIZATION ENERGIES AND ABUNDANCE | |
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| 1st ionization energy: | 495.85 kJ mol-1 | Abundance of element (air): | - ppm |
| 2nd ionization energy: | 4562.48 kJ mol-1 | Abundance of element (Earth's crust): | 23000 ppm |
| 3rd ionization energy: | 6910.33 kJ mol-1 | Abundance of element (oceans): | 10600 ppm |
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ISOTOPES | |
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Isotopes | Relative atomic mass | Abundance (%) |
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23Na | 22.9897697(2) | 100 |
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MINERALS AND USES | |
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- Sodium is obtained by electrolysis of melted sodium chloride (salt), borax and cryolite. Metallic sodium is vital in the manufacture of organic compounds. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is table salt. Liquid sodium is used to cool nuclear reactors. The price of 99.9 % pure sodium ingot is 67.10 € for 450 g.
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REDUCTION POTENTIALS | |
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Balanced half-reaction | Eo / V | Annotation |
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Na+ + e-  Na(s) |
- 2.714 | |
