Periodic Table of the Elements
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Bottom FACULTY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY o PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS Bottom
  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V X Z  
Periodic Table of the Elements Tableau périodique des éléments Periodni sustav elemenata Tavola periodica degli elementi Das Periodensystem der Elemente
Neodymium Néodyme Neodimij Neodimio Neodym

 
Atomic number: 60
Group numbers: 3
Period: 6
 
Discovery date: 1885
Nd

Neodym
NEIGHBOURS

 
 
 
59
Pr
 60
Nd
 61
Pm
91
Pa
 92
U
 93
Np


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Neodymium was discovered by Carl F. Auer von Welsbach (Austria) in 1885. The origin of the name comes from the Greek words neos didymos meaning new twin. It is silvery-white, rare-earth metal that oxidizes easily in air. Reacts slowly in cold water, more rapidly as heated. Metal ignites and burns readily.
Bottom TRANSITION ELEMENT: LANTHANIDE Top

Relative atomic mass: 144.24(3) Electronic configuration: [Xe] 4f4 6s2
Formal oxidation number: +3 Electronegativities: 1.14
Thermal conductivity: 16.5 W m-1 K-1 Electrical resistivity (20 °C): 64 μΩcm
Atomic radius: 181.4 pm Standard state (20 °C): solid
Density (g dm-3): 7007 (293 K) Molar volume (cm3 mol-1): 20.59 (293 K)


Bottom THERMAL PROPERTIES Top

Melting point: 1021 °C Heat of fusion: 7.113 kJ mol-1
Boiling point: 3074 °C Heat of vaporization: 328 kJ mol-1
Critical temperature: 7627 °C Heat of atomization: 328.57 kJ mol-1


Bottom IONIZATION ENERGIES AND ABUNDANCE Top

1st ionization energy: 533.09 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (air): - ppm
2nd ionization energy: 1035.30 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (Earth's crust): 16 ppm
3rd ionization energy: 2132.34 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (oceans): 0.000003 ppm


Bottom ISOTOPES Top

Isotopes Relative atomic mass Abundance (%)
142Nd141.907719(3)27.13(12)
143Nd142.909810(3)12.18(6)
144Nd143.910083(3)23.80(12)
145Nd144.912569(3)8.30(6)
146Nd145.913112(3)17.19(9)
148Nd147.916889(3)5.76(3)
150Nd149.920887(4)5.64(3)


Bottom MINERALS AND USES Top

Neodymium is made from electrolysis of its halide salts, which are made from monazite sand. Used in making artificial ruby for lasers. Also in ceramics and for a special lens with praseodymium. Also to produce bright purple glass and special glass that filters infrared radiation. Misch metal, used in the manufacture of pyrophoric alloys for cigarette lighters, contains about 18% neodymium metal. (Typically composition of misch metal are Ce:Nd:Pr:La:Other rare earth=50:18:6:22:4). Neodymium is used to create some of the most powerful permanent magnets on Earth, known as NIB magnets they consist of neodymium, iron, and boron. The price of 99.9 % pure neodymium ingot is 146.70 € for 100 g.

Bottom REDUCTION POTENTIALS Top

Balanced half-reaction   Eo / V      Annotation
Ni2+ + 2e- = Ni(s) - 0.250  
NiO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e- = Ni2+ + 2H2O +1.593  
NiO2(s) + 2H2O + 2e- = Ni(OH)2(s) + 2OH- +0.49  
Ni2O3(s) + 6H+ + 2e- = 2Ni2+ + 3H2O +1.753  
Ni3O4(s) + 2H2O + 2e- = 3HNiO2- + H+ - 0.718  
Ni3O4(s) + 8H+ + 2e- = 3Ni2+ + 4H2O +1.977  
HNiO2- + 3H+ + 2e- = Ni(s) + 2H2O +0.648  
Ni(CN)42- + e- = Ni(CN)3- + CN- - 0.4  
NiO42- + 8H+ + 4e- = Ni2+ + 4H2O +1.8  
Ni(NH3)62+ + 2e- = Ni(s) + 6NH3 - 0.49  
NiS(s) (alfa) + 2e- = Ni(s) + S2- +0.76  
NiS(s) (gama) + 2e- = Ni(s) + S2- - 0.99  

 

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