Periodic Table of the Elements
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Bottom FACULTY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY o PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS Bottom
  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V X Z  
Periodic Table of the Elements Tableau périodique des éléments Periodni sustav elemenata Tavola periodica degli elementi Das Periodensystem der Elemente
Oxygen Oxygène Kisik Ossigeno Sauerstoff

 
Atomic number: 8
Group numbers: 16
Period: 2
 
Discovery date: 1774
O

Oxygenium
NEIGHBOURS

 
 
 
7
N
 8
O
 9
F
15
P
 16
S
 17
Cl


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Oxygen was discovered by Joseph Priestley (England) in 1774. The origin of the name comes from the Greek words oxy genes meaning acid and forming (acid former). It is colourless, odourless gas; pale blue liquid. Extremely reactive. Forms oxides with nearly all other elements except noble gases. It is the most abundant element in the earth's crust and makes up almost 21% of the atmosphere.
Bottom CHALCOGENS ELEMENT Top

Relative atomic mass: 15.9994(3) Electronic configuration: [He] 2s2 2p4
Formal oxidation number: -2 Electronegativities: 3.44
Thermal conductivity: 0.0263 W m-1 K-1 Electrical resistivity (20 °C): - μΩcm
Atomic radius: 60.4 pm Standard state (20 °C): gas
Density (g dm-3): 2000 (solid, m.p.)
1140 (b.p.)
1.429 (gas, 273 K)		 Molar volume (cm3 mol-1): 8.00 (solid, m.p.)
14.03 (b.p.)
22392.44 (gas, 273 K)


Bottom THERMAL PROPERTIES Top

Melting point: -218.79 °C Heat of fusion: 0.444 kJ mol-1
Boiling point: -182.95 °C Heat of vaporization: 6.82 kJ mol-1
Critical temperature: -118.58 °C Heat of atomization: 246.785 kJ mol-1


Bottom IONIZATION ENERGIES AND ABUNDANCE Top

1st ionization energy: 1313.95 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (air): 209500 ppm
2nd ionization energy: 3388.33 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (Earth's crust): 466000 ppm
3rd ionization energy: 5300.51 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (oceans): (H2O) ppm


Bottom ISOTOPES Top

Isotopes Relative atomic mass Abundance (%)
16O15.994914622(2)99.762(15)
17O16.9991315(2)0.038(3)
18O17.9991604(9)0.200(12)


Bottom MINERALS AND USES Top

Oxygen is obtained primarily from liquid air by fractional distillation. Small amounts are made in the laboratory by electrolysis of water. Used in steel making, welding and supporting life. Naturally occurring ozone (O3) in the upper atmosphere shields the earth from ultraviolet radiation. The price of 99.99 % pure oxygen gas costs 188.90 €/dm3 in small quantities (1 dm3) and about 1.46 €/dm3 in large quantities (300 dm3).

Bottom REDUCTION POTENTIALS Top

Balanced half-reaction   Eo / V      Annotation
O2(g) + 4H+ + 4e- = 2H2O +1.229  
O2(g) + 4H+ + 4e- = 2H2O +0.815  [H+] = 10-7 mol dm-3
O2(g) + 2H2O + 4e- = 4OH- +0.401  
O2(g) + H2O + 2e- = HO2- + OH- +0.076  
O2(g) + 2H+ + 2e- = H2O2 +0.682  
O3(g) + 2H+ + 2e- = O2(g) + H2O +2.07  
O3(g) + 6H+ + 6e- = 3H2O +1.501  
O3(g) + H2O + 2e- = O2(g) + 2OH- +1.24  
HO2- + H2O + 2e- = 3OH- +0.88  
H2O2 + 2H+ + 2e- = 2H2O +1.776  

 

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