Periodic Table of the Elements
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Bottom FACULTY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY o PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS Bottom
  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V X Z  
Periodic Table of the Elements Tableau périodique des éléments Periodni sustav elemenata Tavola periodica degli elementi Das Periodensystem der Elemente
Palladium Palladium Paladij Palladio Palladium

 
Atomic number: 46
Group numbers: 10
Period: 5
 
Discovery date: 1803
Pd

Paladium
NEIGHBOURS
27
Co
 28
Ni
 29
Cu
45
Rh
 46
Pd
 47
Ag
77
Ir
 78
Pt
 79
Au


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Palladium was discovered by William Hyde Wollaston (England) in 1803. Named after the asteroid Pallas which was discovered at about the same time and from the Greek name Pallas, goddess of wisdom. It is soft, malleable, ductile, silvery-white metal. Resists corrosion; dissolves in oxidizing acids. Absorbs hydrogen. Metal dust is combustible.
Bottom TRANSITION ELEMENT: NICKEL GROUP Top

Relative atomic mass: 106.42(1) Electronic configuration: [Kr] 4d10
Formal oxidation number: +2 +3 Electronegativities: 2.2
Thermal conductivity: 71.8 W m-1 K-1 Electrical resistivity (20 °C): 10.8 μΩcm
Atomic radius: 137.6 pm Standard state (20 °C): solid
Density (g dm-3): 12020 (293 K)
10379 (m.p.)		 Molar volume (cm3 mol-1): 8.85 (293 K)
10.25 (m.p.)


Bottom THERMAL PROPERTIES Top

Melting point: 1554.9 °C Heat of fusion: 17.2 kJ mol-1
Boiling point: 2963 °C Heat of vaporization: 361.5 kJ mol-1
Critical temperature: 6827 °C Heat of atomization: 377.4 kJ mol-1


Bottom IONIZATION ENERGIES AND ABUNDANCE Top

1st ionization energy: 804.39 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (air): - ppm
2nd ionization energy: 1874.72 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (Earth's crust): 0.001 ppm
3rd ionization energy: 3177.28 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (oceans): - ppm


Bottom ISOTOPES Top

Isotopes Relative atomic mass Abundance (%)
102Pd101.905608(3)1.02(1)
104Pd103.904035(5)11.14(8)
105Pd104.905084(5)22.33(8)
106Pd105.903483(5)27.33(3)
108Pd107.903894(4)26.46(9)
110Pd109.90515(1)11.72(9)


Bottom MINERALS AND USES Top

Palladium is obtained with platinum, nickel, copper and mercury ores. Used as a substitute for silver in dental items and jewellery. The pure metal is used as the delicate mainsprings in analog wristwatches. Also used in surgical instruments and as catalyst. The price of 99.8 % pure palladium granules is 622.00 € for 25 g.

Bottom REDUCTION POTENTIALS Top

Balanced half-reaction   Eo / V      Annotation
Pd2+ + 2e- = Pd(s) +0.987  
PdO3(s) + 2H+ + 2e- = PdO2(s) + H2O +1.22  18 °C
PdO2(s) + 2H+ + 2e- = PdO(s) + H2O +0.95  18 °C
PdO2 (s)+ H2O + 2e- = PdO(s) + 2OH- +0.73  
PdO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e- = Pd2+ + 2H2O +1.194  
PdCl62- + 2e- = PdCl42- + 2Cl- +1.288  1 mol dm-3 HCl
PdCl62- + 4e- = Pd(s) + 6Cl- +0.96  
PdBr62- + 2e- = PdBr42- + 2Br- +0.994  1 mol dm-3 KBr
Pd(OH)4(s) + 2e- = Pd(OH)2(s) + 2OH- +0.73  
Pd(OH)2(s) + 2e- = Pd(s) + 2OH- +0.07  

 

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