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| Polonium | Polonium | Polonij | Polonio | Polonium | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Po Polonium |
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- Polonium was discovered by Marie Curie (Poland) in 1898. Named for Poland, native country of Marie Curie. It is silvery-grey, extremely rare, radioactive metal. Soluble in dilute acids. Highly toxic. Severe radiotoxicity. Carcinogen.
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CHALCOGENS ELEMENT | |
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| Relative atomic mass: | [209] | Electronic configuration: | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4 |
| Formal oxidation number: | +2 +4 | Electronegativities: | 2 |
| Thermal conductivity: | 20 W m-1 K-1 | Electrical resistivity (20 °C): | 140 μΩcm |
| Atomic radius: | 167.3 pm | Standard state (20 °C): | solid |
| Density (g dm-3): | 9320 (alpha, 293 K) | Molar volume (cm3 mol-1): | 22.42 (alpha, 293 K) |
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THERMAL PROPERTIES | |
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| Melting point: | 254 °C | Heat of fusion: | 10 kJ mol-1 |
| Boiling point: | 962 °C | Heat of vaporization: | 100.8 kJ mol-1 |
| Critical temperature: | 2607 °C | Heat of atomization: | 141 kJ mol-1 |
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IONIZATION ENERGIES AND ABUNDANCE | |
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| 1st ionization energy: | 812.09 kJ mol-1 | Abundance of element (air): | - ppm |
| 2nd ionization energy: | - kJ mol-1 | Abundance of element (Earth's crust): | - ppm |
| 3rd ionization energy: | - kJ mol-1 | Abundance of element (oceans): | - ppm |
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ISOTOPES | |
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Isotopes | Relative atomic mass | Abundance (%) |
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209Po | 208.982416(3) | * |
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MINERALS AND USES | |
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- Polonium occurs in pitchblende. Produced by bombarding bismuth with neutrons. Used in industrial equipment that eliminates static electricity caused by such processes as rolling paper, wire and sheet metal.
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REDUCTION POTENTIALS | |
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Balanced half-reaction | Eo / V | Annotation |
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