Periodic Table of the Elements
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Bottom FACULTY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY o PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS Bottom
  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V X Z  
Periodic Table of the Elements Tableau périodique des éléments Periodni sustav elemenata Tavola periodica degli elementi Das Periodensystem der Elemente
Praseodymium Praséodyme Praseodimij Praseodimio Praseodym

 
Atomic number: 59
Group numbers: 3
Period: 6
 
Discovery date: 1885
Pr

Praseodym
NEIGHBOURS

 
 
 
58
Ce
 59
Pr
 60
Nd
90
Th
 91
Pa
 92
U


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Praseodymium was discovered by Carl F. Auer von Welsbach (Austria) in 1885. The origin of the name comes from the Greek words prasios didymos meaning green twin. It is silvery white, moderately soft, malleable, ductile metal. Reacts slowly with oxygen. Reacts rapidly with water. Metal ignites and burns readily.
Bottom TRANSITION ELEMENT: LANTHANIDE Top

Relative atomic mass: 140.90765(2) Electronic configuration: [Xe] 4f3 6s2
Formal oxidation number: +3 Electronegativities: 1.13
Thermal conductivity: 12.5 W m-1 K-1 Electrical resistivity (20 °C): 68 μΩcm
Atomic radius: 182 pm Standard state (20 °C): solid
Density (g dm-3): 6773 (293 K) Molar volume (cm3 mol-1): 20.80 (293 K)


Bottom THERMAL PROPERTIES Top

Melting point: 931 °C Heat of fusion: 11.3 kJ mol-1
Boiling point: 3520 °C Heat of vaporization: 357 kJ mol-1
Critical temperature: 8627 °C Heat of atomization: 356.69 kJ mol-1


Bottom IONIZATION ENERGIES AND ABUNDANCE Top

1st ionization energy: 527.20 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (air): - ppm
2nd ionization energy: 1017.93 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (Earth's crust): 3.9 ppm
3rd ionization energy: 2086.41 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (oceans): 0.0000002 ppm


Bottom ISOTOPES Top

Isotopes Relative atomic mass Abundance (%)
141Pr140.907648(3)100


Bottom MINERALS AND USES Top

Praseodymium is obtained from same salts as neodymium. Used with neodymium to make lenses for glass maker's goggles since it filters out the yellow light present in glass blowing. Alloyed with magnesium creates a high-strength metal used in aircraft engines. Misch metal, used in the manufacture of pyrophoric alloys for cigarette lighters, contains about 5% praseodymium metal. (Typically composition of misch metal are Ce:Nd:Pr:La:Other rare earth=50:18:6:22:4). The price of 99.9 % pure praseodymium ingot is 184.50 € for 50 g.

Bottom REDUCTION POTENTIALS Top

Balanced half-reaction   Eo / V      Annotation

 

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