Periodic Table of the Elements
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Bottom FACULTY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY o PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS Bottom
  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V X Z  
Periodic Table of the Elements Tableau périodique des éléments Periodni sustav elemenata Tavola periodica degli elementi Das Periodensystem der Elemente
Platinum Platine Platina Platino Platin

 
Atomic number: 78
Group numbers: 10
Period: 6
 
Discovery date: 1735
Pt

Platinum
NEIGHBOURS
45
Rh
 46
Pd
 47
Ag
77
Ir
 78
Pt
 79
Au
109
Mt
 
 


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Platinum was discovered by Antonio de Ulloa (South America) in 1735. The origin of the name comes from the Spanish word platina meaning silver. It is rare, very heavy, soft, silvery-white metal. Resists oxygen and water.
Bottom TRANSITION ELEMENT: NICKEL GROUP Top

Relative atomic mass: 195.078(2) Electronic configuration: Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
Formal oxidation number: +2 +4 Electronegativities: 2.2
Thermal conductivity: 71.6 W m-1 K-1 Electrical resistivity (20 °C): 10.6 μΩcm
Atomic radius: 137.3 pm Standard state (20 °C): solid
Density (g dm-3): 21450 (293 K) Molar volume (cm3 mol-1): 9.09 (293 K)


Bottom THERMAL PROPERTIES Top

Melting point: 1768.4 °C Heat of fusion: 19.7 kJ mol-1
Boiling point: 3825 °C Heat of vaporization: 469 kJ mol-1
Critical temperature: 8177 °C Heat of atomization: 564.42 kJ mol-1


Bottom IONIZATION ENERGIES AND ABUNDANCE Top

1st ionization energy: 864.39 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (air): - ppm
2nd ionization energy: 1791.07 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (Earth's crust): 0.01 ppm
3rd ionization energy: - kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (oceans): - ppm


Bottom ISOTOPES Top

Isotopes Relative atomic mass Abundance (%)
190Pt189.959930(7)0.01(1)
192Pt191.961035(4)0.79(6)
194Pt193.962664(3)32.9(6)
195Pt194.964774(3)33.8(6)
196Pt195.964935(3)25.3(6)
198Pt197.967876(5)7.2(2)


Bottom MINERALS AND USES Top

Platinum is produced from deposits of native, or elemental. Used in jewellery, to make crucible and special containers and as a catalyst. Used with cobalt to produce very strong magnets. Also to make standard weights and measures. Resists corrosion and acid attacks except aqua regia. The price of 99.9 % pure platinum shot is 464.80 € for 5 g.

Bottom REDUCTION POTENTIALS Top

Balanced half-reaction   Eo / V      Annotation
Pt2+ + 2e- = Pt(s) +1.2  
PtO2(s) + 2H+ + 2e- = Pt(OH)2(s) +1.1  
Pt(OH)2(s) + 2e- = Pt(s) + 2OH- +0.15  
Pt(OH)2(s) + 2H+ + 2e- = Pt(s) + 2H2O +0.98  
PtCl62- + 2e- = PtCl42- + 2Cl- +0.68  
PtCl42- + 2e- = Pt(s) + 4Cl- +0.73  

 

Sources of literature are given on the bibliographic page.
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