Periodic Table of the Elements
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Bottom FACULTY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY o PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS Bottom
  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V X Z  
Periodic Table of the Elements Tableau périodique des éléments Periodni sustav elemenata Tavola periodica degli elementi Das Periodensystem der Elemente
Plutonium Plutonium Plutonij Plutonio Plutonium

 
Atomic number: 94
Group numbers: 3
Period: 7
 
Discovery date: 1940
Pu

Plutonium
NEIGHBOURS
61
Pm
 62
Sm
 63
Eu
93
Np
 94
Pu
 95
Am

 
 
 


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Plutonium was discovered by Glenn T. Seaborg, Edwin M. McMillan, J. W. Kennedy and A. C. Wahl (USA) in 1940. Named after the planet Pluto. It is silvery-white, extremely radioactive artificially produced metal. Reacts with oxygen and acids; resists alkalis. Attacked by steam. Highly toxic.
Bottom TRANSITION ELEMENT: ACTINIDE Top

Relative atomic mass: [244] Electronic configuration: [Rn] 5f6 7s2
Formal oxidation number: +3 +4 +5 +6 Electronegativities: 1.3
Thermal conductivity: 6.74 W m-1 K-1 Electrical resistivity (20 °C): 150 μΩcm
Atomic radius: 151.3 pm Standard state (20 °C): solid
Density (g dm-3): 19840 (298 K)
16623 (m.p.)		 Molar volume (cm3 mol-1): 12.30 (298 K)
14.68 (m.p.)


Bottom THERMAL PROPERTIES Top

Melting point: 640 °C Heat of fusion: 2.8 kJ mol-1
Boiling point: 3228 °C Heat of vaporization: 343.5 kJ mol-1
Critical temperature: 10867 °C Heat of atomization: 348 kJ mol-1


Bottom IONIZATION ENERGIES AND ABUNDANCE Top

1st ionization energy: 581.44 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (air): - ppm
2nd ionization energy: - kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (Earth's crust): - ppm
3rd ionization energy: - kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (oceans): - ppm


Bottom ISOTOPES Top

Isotopes Relative atomic mass Abundance (%)
239Pu239.052157(2)*
244Pu244.064198(5)*


Bottom MINERALS AND USES Top

Plutonium is found rarely in some uranium ores. Made by bombarding uranium with neutrons. Used in bombs and reactors. Small quantities are used in thermo-electric generators.

Bottom REDUCTION POTENTIALS Top

Balanced half-reaction   Eo / V      Annotation
Pu4+ + e- = Pu3+ +0.970  
Pu3+ + 3e- = Pu(s) - 2.03  
PuO22+ + 4H+ + 2e- = Pu4+ + 2H2O +1.04  
PuO22+ + e- = PuO2+ +0.916  
Pu(OH)3(s) + 3e- = Pu(s) + 3OH- - 2.42  
Pu(OH)4(s) + e- = Pu(OH)3(s) + OH- - 0.95  

 

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