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| Rubidium | Rubidium | Rubidij | Rubidio | Rubidium | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Rb Rubidium |
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- Rubidium was discovered by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff (Germany) in 1861. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word rubidius meaning dark red or deepest red. It is soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. Ignites in air. Reacts violently with water or oxidants.
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ALKALI METAL | |
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| Relative atomic mass: | 85.4678(3) | Electronic configuration: | [Kr] 5s1 |
| Formal oxidation number: | +1 | Electronegativities: | 0.82 |
| Thermal conductivity: | 52.8 W m-1 K-1 | Electrical resistivity (20 °C): | 12.5 μΩcm |
| Atomic radius: | 247.5 pm | Standard state (20 °C): | solid |
| Density (g dm-3): | 1532 (293 K) 1475 (m.p.) |
Molar volume (cm3 mol-1): | 55.79 (293 K) 57.94 (m.p.) |
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THERMAL PROPERTIES | |
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| Melting point: | 39.31 °C | Heat of fusion: | 2.2 kJ mol-1 |
| Boiling point: | 688 °C | Heat of vaporization: | 75.7 kJ mol-1 |
| Critical temperature: | 1820 °C | Heat of atomization: | 82.17 kJ mol-1 |
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IONIZATION ENERGIES AND ABUNDANCE | |
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| 1st ionization energy: | 403.03 kJ mol-1 | Abundance of element (air): | - ppm |
| 2nd ionization energy: | 2632.62 kJ mol-1 | Abundance of element (Earth's crust): | 32 ppm |
| 3rd ionization energy: | 3859.44 kJ mol-1 | Abundance of element (oceans): | 0.12 ppm |
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ISOTOPES | |
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Isotopes | Relative atomic mass | Abundance (%) |
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85Rb | 84.911789(3) | 72.165(20) |
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87Rb | 86.909183(3) | 27.835(20) |
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MINERALS AND USES | |
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- Rubidium occurs abundantly, but so widespread that production is limited. Usually obtained from lithium production. Used as a catalyst, photocells and vacuum and cathode-ray tubes. The price of 99.8 % pure rubidium metal is 1669.80 € for 100 g.
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REDUCTION POTENTIALS | |
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Balanced half-reaction | Eo / V | Annotation |
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Rb+ + e-  Rb(s) |
- 2.93 | |
