Periodic Table of the Elements
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Bottom FACULTY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY o PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS Bottom
  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V X Z  
Periodic Table of the Elements Tableau périodique des éléments Periodni sustav elemenata Tavola periodica degli elementi Das Periodensystem der Elemente
Antimony Antimoine Antimon Antimonio Antimon

 
Atomic number: 51
Group numbers: 15
Period: 5
 
Discovery date: ~ 1600 BC
Sb

Stibium
NEIGHBOURS
32
Ge
 33
As
 34
Se
50
Sn
 51
Sb
 52
Te
82
Pb
 83
Bi
 84
Po


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Antimony has been known since ancient times. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word stibium meaning mineral stibnite. It is hard, brittle, silvery-white semimetal. Stable in dry air. Toxic by ingestion or inhalation.
Bottom NITROGEN GROUP Top

Relative atomic mass: 121.760(1) Electronic configuration: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3
Formal oxidation number: -3 +3 +5 Electronegativities: 2.05
Thermal conductivity: 24.3 W m-1 K-1 Electrical resistivity (20 °C): 39 μΩcm
Atomic radius: 145 pm Standard state (20 °C): solid
Density (g dm-3): 6691 (293 K)
6483 (m.p.)		 Molar volume (cm3 mol-1): 18.20 (293 K)
18.78 (m.p.)


Bottom THERMAL PROPERTIES Top

Melting point: 630.63 °C Heat of fusion: 20.9 kJ mol-1
Boiling point: 1587 °C Heat of vaporization: 165.8 kJ mol-1
Critical temperature: 4797 °C Heat of atomization: 262.04 kJ mol-1


Bottom IONIZATION ENERGIES AND ABUNDANCE Top

1st ionization energy: 830.59 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (air): - ppm
2nd ionization energy: 1594.96 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (Earth's crust): 0.2 ppm
3rd ionization energy: 2441.10 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (oceans): 0.0005 ppm


Bottom ISOTOPES Top

Isotopes Relative atomic mass Abundance (%)
121Sb120.903818(2)57.36(8)
123Sb122.904216(2)42.64(8)


Bottom MINERALS AND USES Top

Antimony is found in stibnite (Sb2S3) and in valentinite (Sb2O3). It is alloyed with other metals to increase their hardness. Also in the manufacture of a few special types of semiconductor devices. Also in plastics and chemicals. A few kinds of over-the-counter cold and flu remedies use antimony compounds. The price of 99.9 % pure antimony ingot is 153.50 € for 450 g.

Bottom REDUCTION POTENTIALS Top

Balanced half-reaction   Eo / V      Annotation
SbV + 2e- = SbIII +0.818  6 mol dm-3 HCl
SbV + 2e- = SbIII +0.746  3.5 mol dm-3 HCl
SbO+ + 2H+ + 3e- = Sb(s) + H2O +0.212  
SbO3- + 2H+ + 2e- = SbO2- + H2O +0.353  
SbO3- + 3H+ + 2e- = HSbO2 + H2O +0.678  
SbO3- + 4H+ + 2e- = SbO+ + 2H2O +0.704  
SbO2- + 2H+ + 2e- = SbO- + H2O +0.720  
2SbO3- + 6H+ + 4e- = Sb2O3(s) + 3H2O +0.772  
SbO2- + 4H+ + 3e- = Sb(s) + 2H2O +0.446  
HSbO2 + 3H+ + 3e- = Sb(s) + 2H2O +0.230  
Sb2O3(s) + 6H+ + 6e- = 2Sb(s) + 3H2O +0.152  
Sb2O5(s) + 6H+ + 4e- = 2SbO+ + 3 H2O +0.581  
Sb2O5(s) + 4H+ + 4e- = Sb2O3(s) + 2H2O +0.692  
Sb(s) + 3H+ + 3e- = SbH3(g) - 0.510  

 

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