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| Samarium | Samarium | Samarij | Samario | Samarium | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Sm Samarium |
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- Samarium was discovered by Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran (France) in 1879. Named after the mineral samarskite. It is silvery rare earth metal. Stable in dry air. Oxide coating forms on surfaces exposed to moist air. Metal ignites and burns readily. Reacts with water.
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TRANSITION ELEMENT: LANTHANIDE | |
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| Relative atomic mass: | 150.36(3) | Electronic configuration: | [Xe] 4f6 6s2 |
| Formal oxidation number: | +2 +3 | Electronegativities: | 1.17 |
| Thermal conductivity: | 13.3 W m-1 K-1 | Electrical resistivity (20 °C): | 88 μΩcm |
| Atomic radius: | 180.4 pm | Standard state (20 °C): | solid |
| Density (g dm-3): | 7520 (293 K) | Molar volume (cm3 mol-1): | 19.99 (293 K) |
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THERMAL PROPERTIES | |
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| Melting point: | 1074 °C | Heat of fusion: | 10.9 kJ mol-1 |
| Boiling point: | 1794 °C | Heat of vaporization: | 164.8 kJ mol-1 |
| Critical temperature: | 5167 °C | Heat of atomization: | 206.1 kJ mol-1 |
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IONIZATION ENERGIES AND ABUNDANCE | |
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| 1st ionization energy: | 544.53 kJ mol-1 | Abundance of element (air): | - ppm |
| 2nd ionization energy: | 1068.10 kJ mol-1 | Abundance of element (Earth's crust): | 3.5 ppm |
| 3rd ionization energy: | 2257.77 kJ mol-1 | Abundance of element (oceans): | 0.0000002 ppm |
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ISOTOPES | |
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Isotopes | Relative atomic mass | Abundance (%) |
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144Sm | 143.911995(4) | 3.1(1) |
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147Sm | 146.914893(3) | 15.0(2) |
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148Sm | 147.914818(3) | 11.3(1) |
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149Sm | 148.917180(3) | 13.8(1) |
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150Sm | 149.917271(3) | 7.4(1) |
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152Sm | 151.919728(3) | 26.7(2) |
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154Sm | 153.922205(3) | 22.7(2) |
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MINERALS AND USES | |
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- Samarium is found with other rare earths in monazite sand. It is used in the electronics and ceramics industries. It is easily magnetized and very difficult to demagnetise. This suggests important future applications in solid-state and superconductor technologies. The price of 99.9 % pure samarium ingot is 191.00 € for 100 g.
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REDUCTION POTENTIALS | |
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Balanced half-reaction | Eo / V | Annotation |
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