Periodic Table of the Elements
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Bottom FACULTY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY o PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS Bottom
  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V X Z  
Periodic Table of the Elements Tableau périodique des éléments Periodni sustav elemenata Tavola periodica degli elementi Das Periodensystem der Elemente
Tin Etain Kositar Stagno Zinn

 
Atomic number: 50
Group numbers: 14
Period: 5
 
Discovery date: ~ 2000 BC
Sn

Stannum
NEIGHBOURS
31
Ga
 32
Ge
 33
As
49
In
 50
Sn
 51
Sb
81
Tl
 82
Pb
 83
Bi


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Tin has been known since ancient times. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word stannum meaning tin. It is silvery-white, soft, malleable and ductile metal. Exposed surfaces form oxide film. Resists oxygen and water. Dissolves in acids and bases. Organic tin compounds may be highly toxic.
Bottom CARBON GROUP Top

Relative atomic mass: 118.710(7) Electronic configuration: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
Formal oxidation number: +2 +4 Electronegativities: 1.96
Thermal conductivity: 66.6 W m-1 K-1 Electrical resistivity (20 °C): 11 μΩcm
Atomic radius: 140.5 pm Standard state (20 °C): solid
Density (g dm-3): 5750 (alpha, 273 K)
7310 (beta, 273 K)
6973 (m.p.)		 Molar volume (cm3 mol-1): 20.65 (alpha, 273 K)
16.24 (beta, 273 K)
17.02 (m.p.)


Bottom THERMAL PROPERTIES Top

Melting point: 231.93 °C Heat of fusion: 7.2 kJ mol-1
Boiling point: 2602 °C Heat of vaporization: 296.2 kJ mol-1
Critical temperature: 5536 °C Heat of atomization: 302 kJ mol-1


Bottom IONIZATION ENERGIES AND ABUNDANCE Top

1st ionization energy: 708.58 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (air): - ppm
2nd ionization energy: 1411.81 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (Earth's crust): 2.5 ppm
3rd ionization energy: 2943.07 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (oceans): 0.003 ppm


Bottom ISOTOPES Top

Isotopes Relative atomic mass Abundance (%)
112Sn111.904821(5)0.97(1)
114Sn113.902782(3)0.65(1)
115Sn114.903346(3)0.34(1)
116Sn115.901744(3)14.53(1)
117Sn116.902954(3)7.68(7)
118Sn117.901606(3)24.23(11)
119Sn118.903309(3)8.59(4)
120Sn119.902197(3)32.59(10)
122Sn121.903440(3)4.63(3)
124Sn123.905275(1)5.79(5)


Bottom MINERALS AND USES Top

Tin is principally found in the ore cassiterite (SnO2) and stannine (Cu2FeSnS4). Used as a coating for steel cans since it is non-toxic and non-corrosive. Also in solder (33%Sn:67%Pb), bronze (20%Sn:80%Cu) and pewter. Stannous fluoride (SnF2), a compound of tin and fluorine is used in some toothpaste. The price of 99.8 % pure tin shot is 57.70 € for 500 g.

Bottom REDUCTION POTENTIALS Top

Balanced half-reaction   Eo / V      Annotation
Sn4+ + 2e- = Sn2+ +0.154  
Sn4+ + 2e- = Sn2+ +0.14  1 mol dm-3 HCl
Sn4+ + 4e- = Sn(s) +0.01  
Sn2+ + 2e- = Sn(s) - 0.136  
Sn2+ + 2e- = Sn(s) - 0.16  1 mol dm-3 HClO4
SnO32- + 3H+ + 2e- = HSnO2- + H2O +0.374  
SnO32- + 6H+ + 2e- = Sn2+ + 3H2O +0.844  
HSnO2- + 3H+ + 2e- = Sn(s) + 2H2O +0.333  
Sn(s) + 4H+ + 4e- = SnH4(g) - 1.074  

 

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