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| Terbium | Terbium | Terbij | Terbio | Terbium | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Tb Terbium |
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- Terbium was discovered by Carl Gustaf Mosander (Sweden) in 1843. Named after Ytterby, a village in Sweden. It is soft, ductile, silvery-grey, rare earth metal. Oxidizes slowly in air. Reacts with cold water.
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TRANSITION ELEMENT: LANTHANIDE | |
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| Relative atomic mass: | 158.92534(2) | Electronic configuration: | [Xe] 4f9 6s2 |
| Formal oxidation number: | +3 | Electronegativities: | - |
| Thermal conductivity: | 11.1 W m-1 K-1 | Electrical resistivity (20 °C): | 116 μΩcm |
| Atomic radius: | 176.3 pm | Standard state (20 °C): | solid |
| Density (g dm-3): | 8229 (293 K) | Molar volume (cm3 mol-1): | 19.31 (293 K) |
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THERMAL PROPERTIES | |
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| Melting point: | 1356 °C | Heat of fusion: | 16.3 kJ mol-1 |
| Boiling point: | 3230 °C | Heat of vaporization: | 391 kJ mol-1 |
| Critical temperature: | 8197 °C | Heat of atomization: | 390.62 kJ mol-1 |
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IONIZATION ENERGIES AND ABUNDANCE | |
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| 1st ionization energy: | 565.77 kJ mol-1 | Abundance of element (air): | - ppm |
| 2nd ionization energy: | 1111.52 kJ mol-1 | Abundance of element (Earth's crust): | 0.6 ppm |
| 3rd ionization energy: | 2114.01 kJ mol-1 | Abundance of element (oceans): | 0.0000014 ppm |
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ISOTOPES | |
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Isotopes | Relative atomic mass | Abundance (%) |
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159Tb | 158.925343(3) | 100 |
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MINERALS AND USES | |
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- Terbium is found with other rare earths in monazite sand. Other sources are xenotime and euxenite, both of which are oxide mixtures that can contain up to 1% terbium. It is used in modest amounts in special lasers and solid-state devices. The price of 99.9 % pure terbium ingot is 266.30 € for 10 g.
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REDUCTION POTENTIALS | |
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Balanced half-reaction | Eo / V | Annotation |
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