Periodic Table of the Elements
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Bottom FACULTY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY o PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS Bottom
  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V X Z  
Periodic Table of the Elements Tableau périodique des éléments Periodni sustav elemenata Tavola periodica degli elementi Das Periodensystem der Elemente
Tellurium Tellure Telurij Tellurio Tellur

 
Atomic number: 52
Group numbers: 16
Period: 5
 
Discovery date: 1782
Te

Tellurium
NEIGHBOURS
33
As
 34
Se
 35
Br
51
Sb
 52
Te
 53
I
83
Bi
 84
Po
 85
At


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Tellurium was discovered by Franz Joseph Muller von Reichstein (Romania) in 1782. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word tellus meaning earth. It is silvery-white, brittle semi-metal. Unreactive with water or HCl; dissolves in HNO3; burns in air or oxygen.
Bottom CHALCOGENS ELEMENT Top

Relative atomic mass: 127.60(3) Electronic configuration: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4
Formal oxidation number: -2 +4 +6 Electronegativities: 2.1
Thermal conductivity: 2.35 W m-1 K-1 Electrical resistivity (20 °C): 436000 μΩcm
Atomic radius: 143.2 pm Standard state (20 °C): solid
Density (g dm-3): 6240 (293 K)
5797 (m.p.)		 Molar volume (cm3 mol-1): 20.45 (293 K)
22.01 (m.p.)


Bottom THERMAL PROPERTIES Top

Melting point: 449.51 °C Heat of fusion: 13.5 kJ mol-1
Boiling point: 988 °C Heat of vaporization: 104.6 kJ mol-1
Critical temperature: 2056 °C Heat of atomization: - kJ mol-1


Bottom IONIZATION ENERGIES AND ABUNDANCE Top

1st ionization energy: 869.30 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (air): - ppm
2nd ionization energy: 1794.64 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (Earth's crust): 0.01 ppm
3rd ionization energy: 2697.75 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (oceans): - ppm


Bottom ISOTOPES Top

Isotopes Relative atomic mass Abundance (%)
120Te119.90402(1)0.096(2)
122Te121.903047(2)2.603(4)
123Te122.904273(2)0.908(2)
124Te123.902819(2)4.816(6)
125Te124.904425(2)7.139(6)
126Te125.903306(2)18.95(1)
128Te127.904461(2)31.69(1)
130Te129.906223(2)33.80(1)


Bottom MINERALS AND USES Top

Tellurium is obtained as a by-product of copper and lead refining. Used to improve the machining quality of copper and stainless steel products and to colour glass and ceramics. Also in thermoelectric devices. Some is used in the rubber industry and it is a basic ingredient in manufacturing blasting caps. The price of 99.99 % pure tellurium broken ingot is 175.90 € for 250 g.

Bottom REDUCTION POTENTIALS Top

Balanced half-reaction   Eo / V      Annotation
Te4+ + 4e- = Te(s) +0.568  
Te4+ + 2H+ + 6e- = H2Te(g) +0.132  
TeO42- + 4H+ + 2e- = TeO2(s) + 2H2O +1.509  
HTeO4- + 3H+ + 2e- = TeO2(s) + 2H2O +1.202  
H2TeO4 + 2H+ + 2e- = TeO2(s) + 2H2O +1.020  
TeO42- + 2H+ + 2e- = TeO32- + H2O +0.892  
HTeO4- + H+ + 2e- = TeO32- + H2O +0.584  
HTeO4- + 2H+ + 2e- = HTeO3- + H2O +0.813  
H2TeO4 + H+ + 2e- = HTeO3- + H2O +0.631  
H2TeO4 + 3H+ + 2e- = HTeO2+ + 2H2O +0.953  
H2TeO4 + 6H+ + 2e- = Te4+ + 4H2O +0.920  
Te(OH)6(s) + 2H+ + 2e- = TeO2(s) + 4H2O +1.02  
TeO32- + 6H+ + 4e- = Te(s) + 3H2O +0.827  
HTeO3- + 5H+ + 4e- = Te(s) + 3H2O +0.713  
HTeO2+ + 3H+ + 4e- = Te(s) + 2H2O +0.551  
TeO2+ + 5H+ + 6e- = H2Te(g) + 2H2O +0.121  
Te(s) + 2H+ + 2e- = H2Te(g) - 0.739  
Te(s) + 2e- = Te2- - 1.14  

 

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