Germanium - Periodic Table of the Elements

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PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS version 1.7


 Ge

English:  Germanium
French: Germanium
Croatian: Germanij
German: Germanium
Italian: Germanio


Atomic number: 32
Group numbers: 14
Period: 4
Standard state (20 °C): solid

Germanium was discovered by Clemens Winkler (Germany) in 1886. The origin of the name comes from the Latin word Germania meaning Germany. It is greyish-white semi-metal. Unaffected by alkalis and most (except nitric) acids. Stable in air and water.

Electronic configuration: [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p²
Relative atomic mass: 72.64(1)
Formal oxidation number: +2 +4

Electronegativities: 2.01
Thermal conductivity: 59.9 W/(m K)
Electrical resistivity (20 °C): 46000000 μΩcm

Atomic radius: 122.5 pm
Density (g/dm3): 5323 (293 K) 
5490 (m.p.)
Molar volume (cm3/mol): 13.65 (293 K) 
13.23 (m.p.)

Melting point: 938.25 °C
Boiling point: 2833 °C
Critical temperature: 8127 °C

Heat of fusion: 34.7 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 327.6 kJ/mol
Heat of atomization: 373.8 kJ/mol

Germanium is obtained from refining copper, zinc and lead. Widely used in semiconductors. It is a good semiconductor when combined with tiny amounts of phosphorus, arsenic, gallium and antimony. The price of 99.9999 % pure germanium ingot is 1088.10 € for 120 g. 31Ga <= 32Ge => 33As ___________________ If you have comments, corrections or suggestions about this site, please send me a e-mail. Periodic Table of the Elements __________________________________ Last modified: 29.03.2003 Copyright © 1998-2003 by Eni Generalic