FACULTY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY IN SPLIT
PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS version 1.7
Tl
English: Thallium
French: Thallium
Croatian: Talij
German: Thallium
Italian: Tallio
Atomic number: 81
Group numbers: 13
Period: 6
Standard state (20 °C): solid
Thallium was discovered by Sir William Crookes (England) in 1861. The origin of the name comes from the Greek word thallos meaning green twig or green shoot. It is soft grey metal that looks like lead. Tarnishes in moist air. Reacts in heated moist air and in acids. Compounds highly toxic by inhalation or ingestion. Cumulative effects.
Electronic configuration: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
Relative atomic mass: 204.3833(2)
Formal oxidation number: +1 +3
Electronegativities: 1.8
Thermal conductivity: 46.1 W/(m K)
Electrical resistivity (20 °C): 18 μΩcm
Atomic radius: 170 pm
Density (g/dm3): 11850 (293 K)
11290 (m.p.)
Molar volume (cm3/mol): 17.25 (293 K)
18.10 (m.p.)
Melting point: 304 °C
Boiling point: 1473 °C
Critical temperature: 2056 °C
Heat of fusion: 4.31 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 166.1 kJ/mol
Heat of atomization: 182.845 kJ/mol
Thallium is found in iron pyrites. Also in crookesite, hutchinsonite and lorandite. Most is recovered from the by-products of lead and zinc refining. Its compounds are used in rat and ant poisons. Also for detecting infrared radiation. The price of 99.999 % pure thallium granules is 566.70 € for 500 g.
80Hg <= 81Tl => 82Pb
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Periodic Table of the Elements
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Last modified:
29.03.2003
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