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| Yttrium | Yttrium | Itrij | Ittrio | Yttrium | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Y Yttrium |
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- Yttrium was discovered by Carl Gustaf Mosander (Sweden) in 1843. Named after Ytterby, a village in Sweden. It is silvery, ductile, fairly reactive metal. Exposed surfaces form oxide film. Easily combustible, reacts with oxygen in water to release hydrogen.
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TRANSITION ELEMENT: SCANDIUM GROUP | |
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| Relative atomic mass: | 88.90585(2) | Electronic configuration: | [Kr] 4d1 5s2 |
| Formal oxidation number: | +3 | Electronegativities: | 1.22 |
| Thermal conductivity: | 17.2 W m-1 K-1 | Electrical resistivity (20 °C): | 57 μΩcm |
| Atomic radius: | 177.6 pm | Standard state (20 °C): | solid |
| Density (g dm-3): | 4469 (293 K) | Molar volume (cm3 mol-1): | 19.89 (293 K) |
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THERMAL PROPERTIES | |
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| Melting point: | 1522 °C | Heat of fusion: | 17.2 kJ mol-1 |
| Boiling point: | 3345 °C | Heat of vaporization: | 367.4 kJ mol-1 |
| Critical temperature: | 8677 °C | Heat of atomization: | 420.45 kJ mol-1 |
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IONIZATION ENERGIES AND ABUNDANCE | |
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| 1st ionization energy: | 599.86 kJ mol-1 | Abundance of element (air): | - ppm |
| 2nd ionization energy: | 1180.99 kJ mol-1 | Abundance of element (Earth's crust): | 20 ppm |
| 3rd ionization energy: | 1979.89 kJ mol-1 | Abundance of element (oceans): | 0.0003 ppm |
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ISOTOPES | |
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Isotopes | Relative atomic mass | Abundance (%) |
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89Y | 88.905848(3) | 100 |
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MINERALS AND USES | |
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- Yttrium is found in minerals such as monazite, xenotime and yttria. Combined with europium to make red phosphors for colour TV's. Yttrium oxide and iron oxide combine to form a crystal garnet used in radar. The price of 99.9 % pure yttrium ingot is 229.00 € for 50 g.
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REDUCTION POTENTIALS | |
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Balanced half-reaction | Eo / V | Annotation |
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