Periodic Table of the Elements
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Bottom FACULTY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY o PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS Bottom
  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V X Z  
Periodic Table of the Elements Tableau périodique des éléments Periodni sustav elemenata Tavola periodica degli elementi Das Periodensystem der Elemente
Zinc Zinc Cink Zinco Zink

 
Atomic number: 30
Group numbers: 12
Period: 4
 
Discovery date: 1746
Zn

Zincum
NEIGHBOURS

 
 
 13
Al
29
Cu
 30
Zn
 31
Ga
47
Ag
 48
Cd
 49
In


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Zinc was discovered by Andreas Marggraf (Germany) in 1746. The origin of the name comes from the German word zink. It is bluish-silver, ductile metal. Reacts with alkalis and acids. Tarnishes in air.
Bottom TRANSITION ELEMENT: ZINC GROUP Top

Relative atomic mass: 65.39(2) Electronic configuration: [Ar] 3d10 4s2
Formal oxidation number: +2 Electronegativities: 1.65
Thermal conductivity: 116 W m-1 K-1 Electrical resistivity (20 °C): 5.964 μΩcm
Atomic radius: 133.5 pm Standard state (20 °C): solid
Density (g dm-3): 7133 (293 K)
6577 (m.p.)		 Molar volume (cm3 mol-1): 9.17 (293 K)
9.94 (m.p.)


Bottom THERMAL PROPERTIES Top

Melting point: 419.53 °C Heat of fusion: 6.67 kJ mol-1
Boiling point: 907 °C Heat of vaporization: 114.2 kJ mol-1
Critical temperature: 3107 °C Heat of atomization: 130.181 kJ mol-1


Bottom IONIZATION ENERGIES AND ABUNDANCE Top

1st ionization energy: 906.41 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (air): - ppm
2nd ionization energy: 1733.31 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (Earth's crust): 80 ppm
3rd ionization energy: 3832.71 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (oceans): 0.01 ppm


Bottom ISOTOPES Top

Isotopes Relative atomic mass Abundance (%)
64Zn63.929147(2)48.6(3)
66Zn65.926037(2)27.9(2)
67Zn66.927131(2)4.1(1)
68Zn67.924848(2)18.8(4)
70Zn69.925325(4)0.6(1)


Bottom MINERALS AND USES Top

Zinc is found in the minerals zinc blende (sphalerite) (ZnS), calamine, franklinite, smithsonite (ZnCO3), willemite and zincite (ZnO). Used to coat other metal (galvanizing) to protect them from rusting. Although some 90% of the zinc is used for galvanizing steel. Zinc metal is used in the common dry-cell battery. Also used in alloys such as brass, bronze. Zinc compounds is also used in the manufacture of paints, cosmetics, plastics, electronic devices, and other products. The price of 99.99 % pure zinc granules is 39.60 € for 500 g.

Bottom REDUCTION POTENTIALS Top

Balanced half-reaction   Eo / V      Annotation
Zn2+ + 2e- = Zn(s) - 0.763  
ZnO22- + 4H+ + 2e- = Zn(s) + 2H2O +0.441  
HZnO2- + 3H+ + 2e- = Zn(s) + 2H2O - 0.054  
ZnO22- + 2H2O + 2e- = Zn(s) + 4OH- - 1.216  
Zn(OH)2(s) + 2e- = Zn(s) + 2OH- - 1.245  
ZnS(s) + 2e- = Zn(s) + S2- - 1.40  
Zn(NH3)42+ + 2e- = Zn(s) + 4NH3 - 1.04  
Zn(CN)42+ + 2e- = Zn(s) + 4CN- - 1.26  

 

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Last modified: 01.04.2003
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