Periodic Table of the Elements
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Bottom FACULTY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY o PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS Bottom
  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V X Z  
Periodic Table of the Elements Tableau périodique des éléments Periodni sustav elemenata Tavola periodica degli elementi Das Periodensystem der Elemente
Zirconium Zirconium Cirkonij Zirconio Zirkonium

 
Atomic number: 40
Group numbers: 4
Period: 5
 
Discovery date: 1789
Zr

Zirconium
NEIGHBOURS
21
Sc
 22
Ti
 23
V
39
Y
 40
Zr
 41
Nb
57
La
 72
Hf
 73
Ta


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Zirconium was discovered by Martin Heinrich Klaproth (Germany) in 1789. The origin of the name comes from the Arabic word zargun meaning gold colour. It is grey-white, lustrous, corrosion-resistant metal. Exposed surfaces form oxide protective film.
Bottom TRANSITION ELEMENT: TITANIUM GROUP Top

Relative atomic mass: 91.224(2) Electronic configuration: [Kr] 4d2 5s2
Formal oxidation number: +4 Electronegativities: 1.33
Thermal conductivity: 22.7 W m-1 K-1 Electrical resistivity (20 °C): 42.1 μΩcm
Atomic radius: 159 pm Standard state (20 °C): solid
Density (g dm-3): 6506 (293 K)
5800 (m.p.)		 Molar volume (cm3 mol-1): 14.02 (293 K)
15.73 (m.p.)


Bottom THERMAL PROPERTIES Top

Melting point: 1855 °C Heat of fusion: 23 kJ mol-1
Boiling point: 4409 °C Heat of vaporization: 566.7 kJ mol-1
Critical temperature: 8377 °C Heat of atomization: 607.47 kJ mol-1


Bottom IONIZATION ENERGIES AND ABUNDANCE Top

1st ionization energy: 640.08 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (air): - ppm
2nd ionization energy: 1266.86 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (Earth's crust): 100 ppm
3rd ionization energy: 2218.21 kJ mol-1 Abundance of element (oceans): 0.000026 ppm


Bottom ISOTOPES Top

Isotopes Relative atomic mass Abundance (%)
90Zr89.904704(2)51.45(3)
91Zr90.905645(2)11.22(4)
92Zr91.905040(2)17.15(2)
94Zr93.906316(3)17.38(4)
96Zr95.908276(3)2.80(2)


Bottom MINERALS AND USES Top

Zirconium is found in many minerals such as zircon and baddeleyite. Used in alloys such as zircaloy which is used in nuclear applications since it does not readily absorb neutrons. Also baddeleyite is used in lab crucibles. Used in high-performance pumps and valves. Clear zircon (ZrSiO4) is a popular gemstone. The price of 99.5 % pure zirconium slug is 81.50 € for 100 g.

Bottom REDUCTION POTENTIALS Top

Balanced half-reaction   Eo / V      Annotation
Zr4+ + 4e- = Zr(s) - 1.539  
H2ZrO3(s) + H2O + 4e- = Zr(s) + 4OH- - 2.36  
HZrO3- + 5H+ + 4e- = Zr(s) + 3H2O - 1.276  
ZrO2+ + 2H+ + 4e- = Zr(s) + H2O - 1.570  
ZrO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e- = Zr(s) + 2H2O - 1.456  
ZrO2×H2O(s) + 4H+ + 4e- = Zr(s) + 3H2O - 1.533  
ZrO2×2H2O + 4H+ + 4e- = Zr(s) + 4H2O - 1.553  

 

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