FACOLTÀ CHIMICA DI TECNOLOGIA IN SPLIT
TAVOLA PERIODICA DEGLI ELEMENTI versione 1.7
P
Inglesi: Phosphorus
Francesi: Phosphore
Croato: Fosfor
Tedesco: Phosphor
Italiano: Fosforo
Numero atomico: 15
Gruppo: 15
Periodo: 3
Stato di aggregazione (20 °C): solido
Phosphorus was discovered by Hennig Brandt (Germany) in 1669. The origin of the name comes from the Greek word phosphoros meaning bringer of light. White phosphorus is white to yellow soft, waxy phosphorescent solid with acrid fumes. Toxic by inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. Red phosphorus is powdery, non-flammable and non-toxic.
Configurazione elettronica: [Ne] 3s2 3p3
Massa atomica relativa: 30.973761(2)
Numeri di ossidazione: -3 +3 +5
Elettronegatività: 2.19
Conducibilità termica: 0.235 W/(m K)
Resistività Elettrica (20 °C): 1E+17 μΩcm
Raggio atomico: 110.5 pm
Densità (g/dm3): 1820 (white, 293 K)
2200 (red, 293 K)
2690 (black, 293 K)
Volume atomico (cm3/mol): 17.02 (white, 293 K)
14.08 (red, 293 K)
11.51 (black, 293 K)
Temperatura di fusione: 44.15 °C
Temperatura di ebollizione: 280.5 °C
Critica temperatura: 721 °C
Calore di fusione: 2.51 kJ/mol
Calore di vaporizzazione: 51.9 kJ/mol
Calore di atomizzazione: 314 kJ/mol
Phosphorus is found most often in phosphate rock. Pure form is obtained by heating a mixture of phosphate rock, coke and silica to about 1450 °C. Used in the production of fertilizers and detergents. Some is used in fireworks, safety matches and incendiary weapons. Phosphorus is also important in the production of steels, phosphor bronze and many other products. The price of 99 % pure phosphorus powder is 43.90 € for 500 g.
14Si <= 15P => 16S
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Last modified:
29.03.2003
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